Table 1 Metabolic Changes That May Affect Fatigue in ME/CFS Patients
Metabolic change | Effect on ME/CFS patient | Normalization by oxaloacetate |
|---|---|---|
Warburg Effect | Increased lactate production | Reduction in lactate production via inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase in the cytosol |
Decrease in NAD + /NADH ratio | Increase ROS production | Reset of NAD + /NADH ratio and quenching of ROS by antioxidant Oxaloacetate |
Increased NF-kB movement to nucleus | Activation of chronic inflammation | Reset of inflammation pathway to normal by Lowering NF-kB translocation to nucleus |
Mitochondrial damage | Reduced ability to process glucose | Increased number of mitochondria to produce energy via PGC1-alpha increase |
Reduced AMPK activation | Reduced cellular glucose uptake | Increase in glucose uptake via AMPK activation and more glucose fuel available for the patient |
Increased neurological ROS production | Damage from free radicals | Oxaloacetate is a highly effective antioxidant |