Treatments of chronic fatigue syndrome and its debilitating comorbidities: a 12-year population-based study

Leong, Kam-Hang; Yip, Hei-Tung; Kuo, Chien-Feng; Tsai, Shin-Yi

doi:10.1186/s12967-022-03461-0

Journal of Translational Medicine

Table 4 The odd ratios of treatments for patients with and without chronic fatigue syndrome in difference subgroup of age

From: Treatments of chronic fatigue syndrome and its debilitating comorbidities: a 12-year population-based study

Variable	Control (n = 6306)		CFS (n = 6306)		Odds ratio
	Age ≤ 34 y/o				Crude (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted (95% CI)	p-value
	No	Yes	No	Yes	Crude (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted (95% CI)	p-value
SSRI					1.98 (1.43,2.74)***	< 0.001	1.53 (1.08,2.15)*	0.015
No	4758	1188	4386	1139
Yes	300	60	667	114
SNRI					2.13 (1.23,3.7)**	0.007	1.39 (0.77,2.52)	0.272
No	4966	1229	4852	1213
Yes	92	19	201	40
SARI					1.82 (1.25,2.65)**	0.002	1.20 (0.8,1.8)	0.375
No	4724	1203	4351	1173
Yes	334	45	702	80
TCAs					2.17 (1.12,4.21)*	0.022	1.59 (0.78,3.22)	0.2
No	4962	1235	4888	1225
Yes	96	13	165	28
BZD					1.91 (1.62,2.25)***	< 0.001	1.61 (1.36,1.92)***	< 0.001
No	2380	880	1411	697
Yes	2678	368	3642	556
NDRI					2.29 (0.94,5.59)	0.068	1.34 (0.5,3.56)	0.557
No	5025	1241	4973	1237
Yes	33	7	80	16
Muscle relaxant					1.88 (1.1,3.21)*	0.021	1.69 (0.97,2.96)	0.065
No	4912	1227	4797	1214
Yes	146	21	256	39
Analgesic drug					3.94 (2.57,6.02)***	< 0.001	3.89 (2.49,6.06)***	< 0.001
No	968	103	74	28
Yes	4090	1145	4979	1225
Supportive individual psychotherapy					1.74 (1.23,2.45)**	0.002	1.13 (0.77,1.64)	0.531
No	4839	1193	4645	1160
Yes	219	55	408	93
Intensive individual psychotherapy					5.37 (1.56,18.47)**	0.008	3.34 (0.92,12.17)	0.067
No	5047	1245	5014	1237
Yes	11	3	39	16
Re-educative individual psychotherapy					1.85 (1.29,2.65)***	< 0.001	1.20 (0.81,1.79)	0.362
No	4858	1199	4659	1165
Yes	200	49	394	88
Stretching exercise					1.21 (0.86,1.70)	0.274	1.15 (0.81,1.63)	0.425
No	4701	1183	4541	1175
Yes	357	65	512	78
Therapeutic exercise					1.08 (0.84,1.39)	0.544	0.98 (0.76,1.28)	0.89
No	4418	1117	4121	1112
Yes	640	131	932	141
Brainwave examination, sleep or wakefulness					0.63 (0.24,1.64)	0.344	0.60 (0.22,1.65)	0.321
No	4937	1237	4923	1246
Yes	121	11	130	7

Variable	Control (n = 6306)		CFS (n = 6306)		Odds ratio
	Age 35–64 y/o				Crude (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted (95% CI)	p-value
	No	Yes	No	Yes	Crude (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted (95% CI)	p-value
SSRI					2.15 (1.85,2.50)***	< 0.001	1.57 (1.34,1.85)***	< 0.001
No	1389	4557	1251	4274
Yes	82	278	220	561
SNRI					2.23 (1.71,2.90)***	< 0.001	1.56 (1.18,2.07)**	0.002
No	1443	4752	1411	4654
Yes	28	83	60	181
SARI					2.19 (1.88,2.55)***	< 0.001	1.53 (1.3,1.81)***	< 0.001
No	1356	4571	1232	4292
Yes	115	264	239	543
TCAs					2.09 (1.57,2.79)***	< 0.001	1.66 (1.22,2.24)**	0.001
No	1432	4765	1422	4691
Yes	39	70	49	144
BZD					2.15 (1.98,2.33)***	< 0.001	1.71 (1.56,1.87)***	< 0.001
No	474	2786	236	1872
Yes	997	2049	1235	2963
NDRI					2.19 (1.46,3.3)***	< 0.001	1.52 (0.99,2.35)	0.057
No	1465	4801	1449	4761
Yes	6	34	22	74
Muscle relaxant					1.73 (1.38,2.18)***	< 0.001	1.46 (1.14,1.85)**	0.002
No	1424	4715	1380	4631
Yes	47	120	91	204
Analgesic drug					9.18 (7.27,11.59)***	< 0.001	6.83 (5.38,8.66)***	< 0.001
No	410	661	20	82
Yes	1061	4174	1451	4753
Supportive individual psychotherapy					1.82 (1.53,2.16)***	< 0.001	1.20 (1,1.45)	0.054
No	1415	4617	1352	4453
Yes	56	218	119	382
Intensive individual psychotherapy					4.11 (2.19,7.75)***	< 0.001	2.95 (1.52,5.73)**	0.001
No	1469	4823	1465	4786
Yes	2	12	6	49
Re-educative individual psychotherapy					2.01 (1.68,2.39)***	< 0.001	1.33 (1.1,1.61)**	0.004
No	1423	4634	1376	4448
Yes	48	201	95	387
Stretching exercise					1.43 (1.23,1.67)***	< 0.001	1.27 (1.08,1.49)**	0.004
No	1360	4524	1315	4401
Yes	111	311	156	434
Therapeutic exercise					1.42 (1.26,1.59)***	< 0.001	1.28 (1.13,1.45)***	< 0.001
No	1256	4279	1150	4083
Yes	215	556	321	752
Brainwave examination, sleep or wakefulness					1.08 (0.79,1.50)	0.622	0.98 (0.69,1.37)	0.889
No	1411	4763	1412	4757
Yes	60	72	59	78

Variable	Control (n = 6306)		CFS (n = 6306)		Odds ratio
	Age ≥ 65 y/o				Crude (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted (95% CI)	p-value
	No	Yes	No	Yes	Crude (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted (95% CI)	p-value
SSRI					2.98 (2.29,3.88)***	< 0.001	2.17 (1.64,2.88)***	< 0.001
No	4557	1389	4274	1251
Yes	278	82	561	220
SNRI					2.19 (1.39,3.45)***	< 0.001	1.46 (0.9,2.37)	0.121
No	4752	1443	4654	1411
Yes	83	28	181	60
SARI					2.29 (1.81,2.89)***	< 0.001	1.69 (1.31,2.17)***	< 0.001
No	4571	1356	4292	1232
Yes	264	115	543	239
TCAs					1.27 (0.83,1.94)	0.28	0.89 (0.56,1.42)	0.633
No	4765	1432	4691	1422
Yes	70	39	144	49
BZD					2.49 (2.08,2.97)***	< 0.001	1.72 (1.42,2.09)***	< 0.001
No	2786	474	1872	236
Yes	2049	997	2963	1235
NDRI					3.71 (1.5,9.17)**	0.005	2.33 (0.9,6.03)	0.082
No	4801	1465	4761	1449
Yes	34	6	74	22
Muscle relaxant					2.00 (1.39,2.86)***	< 0.001	1.75 (1.2,2.56)**	0.004
No	4715	1424	4631	1380
Yes	120	47	204	91
Analgesic drug					28.0 (17.77,44.22)***	< 0.001	27.1 (16.65,44.03)***	< 0.001
No	661	410	82	20
Yes	4174	1061	4753	1451
Supportive individual psychotherapy					2.22 (1.6,3.08)***	< 0.001	1.58 (1.11,2.24)*	0.01
No	4617	1415	4453	1352
Yes	218	56	382	119
Intensive individual psychotherapy					3.01 (0.61,14.93)	0.178	1.47 (0.26,8.18)	0.662
No	4823	1469	4786	1465
Yes	12	2	49	6
Re-educative individual psychotherapy					2.05 (1.44,2.92)***	< 0.001	1.28 (0.87,1.88)	0.207
No	4634	1423	4448	1376
Yes	201	48	387	95
Stretching exercise					1.45 (1.13,1.88)**	0.004	1.29 (0.99,1.69)	0.063
No	4524	1360	4401	1315
Yes	311	111	434	156
Therapeutic exercise					1.63 (1.35,1.97)***	< 0.001	1.48 (1.21,1.82)***	< 0.001
No	4279	1256	4083	1150
Yes	556	215	752	321
Brainwave examination, sleep or wakefulness					0.98 (0.68,1.42)	0.925	0.86 (0.58,1.27)	0.447
No	4763	1411	4757	1412
Yes	72	60	78	59

CFS: chronic fatigue syndrome; CI: confidence interval; *:p-value; *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

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