Fig. 3

Bland–Altman plot for agreement between manual counting and automated counting using our algorithm for quantifying CD3⁺/CD8⁺ cells. The Bland–Altman analysis is performed by using 120 tiles randomly selected from the WSIs in the discovery cohort (30 CD3-tiles and 30 CD8-tiles) and the validation cohort (30 CD3-tiles and 30 CD8-tiles). The solid horizontal line in red is the mean of the difference between manual counting and automated counting of positive cells, and the dashed lines in blue are the upper/lower bounds of 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.87–0.94; P < 0.001), which indicates good agreement between manual counting and automated counting. ICC intraclass correlation coefficient. Data in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals