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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population by the number of CMDs

From: Cardiometabolic diseases, total mortality, and benefits of adherence to a healthy lifestyle: a 13-year prospective UK Biobank study

Characteristics

Total (N = 356,967)

Number of CMDs

No (323,339)

One (29,859)

Two (3,571)

Three (198)

Age (mean, SD)

56.1 (8.1)

55.6 (8.1)

60.3 (6.9)

62.1 (5.8)

62.4 (6.0)

Female

187,615 (52.6)

176,147 (54.5)

10,545 (35.3)

890 (25.0)

46 (23.2)

Townsend deprivation index (mean, SD)

− 1.4 (3.0)

− 1.5 (3.0)

− 0.9 (3.3)

− 0.325 (3.5)

0.4 (3.6)

Ethnicity

 White

337,288 (94.5)

306,630 (94.8)

27,295 (91.4)

3,195 (89.5)

168 (84.8)

 Mixed background

2,147 (0.6)

1,984 (0.6)

145 (0.5)

13 (0.4)

5 (2.5)

 Asian or Asian British

6,554 (1.8)

5,154 (1.6)

1,165 (3.9)

223 (6.2)

12 (6.1)

 Black or black British

5694 (1.6)

4,902 (1.5)

713 (2.4)

77 (2.2)

2 (1.0)

 Chinese

1116 (0.3)

1,035 (0.3)

77 (0.3)

4 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

 Others

3101 (0.9)

2,693 (0.8)

354 (1.2)

47 (1.3)

7 (3.5)

 Missing

1067 (0.3)

941 (0.3)

110 (0.4)

12 (0.3)

4 (2.0)

Employment

 Working

213,316 (59.8)

200,608 (62.0)

11,756 (39.4)

922 (25.8)

30 (15.1)

 Retired

114,442 (32.1)

97,421 (30.1)

14,884 (49.8)

2,021 (56.6)

116 (58.6)

 Unemployed

23,557 (6.6)

20,138 (6.2)

2,793 (9.3)

580 (16.2)

46 (23.2)

 Other

5,652 (1.6)

5,172 (1.6)

426 (1.4)

48 (1.3)

6 (3.0)

Qualifications

 College degree

125,987 (35.3)

117,544 (36.3)

7,691 (25.8)

706 (19.8)

46 (23.2)

 A levels/AS levels

41,269 (11.6)

38,078 (11.8)

2,879 (9.6)

299 (8.4)

14 (7.1)

 O levels/GCESs

74,858 (21.0)

68,355 (21.1)

5,794 (19.4)

677 (19.0)

32 (16.2)

 CSEs

19,135 (5.4)

17,688 (5.5)

1,300 (4.3)

142 (4.0)

5 (2.5)

 NVQ or HND or HNC

23,648 (6.6)

20,602 (6.4)

2,640 (8.8)

393 (11.0)

13 (6.6)

 Other

18,314 (5.1)

16,260 (5.0)

1,835 (6.1)

209 (5.89)

10 (5.0)

 None of the above

51,036 (14.3)

42,518 (13.1)

7,359 (24.6)

1,085 (30.4)

74 (37.4)

 Missing

2.720 (0.8)

2294 (0.7)

362 (1.2)

60 (1.7)

4 (2.0)

 Cholesterol (mmol/L; mean, SD)

5.7 (1.1)

5.8 (1.0)

4.7 (1.1)

4.4 (1.0)

4.4 (1.1)

 C-reactive protein (mg/L; mean, SD)

2.4 (3.9)

2.3 (3.8)

2.8 (4.6)

3.3 (5.2)

3.4 (4.6)

Triglycerides (mmol/L; mean, SD)

1.7 (1.0)

1.7 (1.0)

1.9 (1.1)

2.1 (1.2)

2.2 (1.4)

Lifestyle factors

 Healthy diet

224,192 (62.8)

203,894 (63.1)

18,127 (60.7)

2075 (58.1)

96 (48.5)

 Regular physical activity

220,888 (61.9)

200,856 (62.1)

17,873 (59.9)

2049 (57.4)

110 (55.6)

 Non-smoker

322,200 (90.3)

292,178 (90.4)

26,720 (89.5)

3134 (87.8)

168 (84.8)

 BMI < 30 kg/m2

277,672 (77.8)

257,756 (79.7)

18,099 (60.6)

1,736 (48.6)

81 (40.9)

  1. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
  2. BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CSE, Certificate of Secondary Education; GCSE, General Certificate of Secondary Education; HNC, Higher National Certificate; HND, Higher National Diploma; NVQ, National Vocational Qualification; SD, standard deviation