Fig. 4

Estimated effect sizes and corresponding P values in the MR analysis. $ indicates the estimated effect sizes were obtained while adjusting for fetal-specific or maternal-specific birthweight; # denotes the estimated effect sizes were obtained while controlling for fetal/maternal-specific birthweight and age at menarche. Note here that the color of arrow and number is consistent with that for fetal-specific or maternal-specific birthweight. Dot arrow stands for the absence of association, while solid arrow stands for the presence of association. To be concise and easy to understand, besides all significant associations, only a few of important null associations are shown