Fig. 5

Myeloid immune cell heterogeneity in ECCA. A UMAP plot of myeloid immune cells from ECCA patients, with each cell color coded by cell subcluster according to gene expression characteristics. B The heatmap shows the normalized mean expression of marker genes in each myeloid immune cell subcluster. C UMAP plot of color-coded myeloid immune cells from the tumor tissues, paratumor tissues and peripheral blood of ECCA patients. D The proportions of eight myeloid immune cell subclusters in peripheral blood, paratumor, and tumor tissues from ECCA patients. E Volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes between blood M2 macrophages (C4-Mye) and tumor and paratumor M2 macrophages (C6-Mye). Each green and red triangle denotes a highly expressed gene in blood (B-M2, C4-Mye) and tumor/paratumor (T-M2, C6-Mye) M2 macrophages that met the p value and fold difference criteria, respectively. F Violin plots showing the normalized mean expression of M2 macrophage-related marker genes and protumorigenic genes across M1 macrophages (M1, C1-Mye and C2-Mye), blood M2 macrophages (B-M2, C4-Mye) and tumor and paratumor M2 macrophages (T-M2, C6-Mye). G Violin plots showing the normalized mean expression of characteristic genes of pDCs across pDCs (C5-Mye), cDCs (C7-Mye) and non-DCs (nDCs, other myeloid immune cell subclusters except DCs)