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Fig. 3 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 3

From: An optimized method for the isolation of urinary extracellular vesicles for molecular phenotyping: detection of biomarkers for radiation exposure

Fig. 3

EVs isolated from small volumes of urine demonstrate potential as a source of biomarkers for ionizing radiation exposure. A Workflow showing EV isolation process from small volumes of urine to untargeted QToF metabolomics analysis. B Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plot demonstrates distinct separation between EVs isolated from sham irradiated rats (yellow) vs. rats exposed to 13 Gy irradiation (blue). C Volcano plot reveals a significant number of detected features are significantly dysregulated. Each dot represents a feature (m/z and rt pair) detected by QToF-MS. Grey = no significance, green = significant by fold change (> 2 or < 0.5), blue = significant by FDR-adjusted p-value (< 0.05) and red = significant by both FDR-adjusted p-value (< 0.05) and fold change (> 2 or < 0.5). Student’s two-tailed t-test with homogeneous variance was used for comparing irradiated vs. sham rats. D Heatmap of features identified in irradiated and sham irradiated urinary EVs demonstrating distinct signatures. Color represents fold change with red indicating upregulation and blue indicating downregulation

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