Fig. 2

Mass spectrometry analysis of EV isolation methods. A Total number of features (positive and negative ionization) identified by each isolation method, at each starting volume of urine. B Manhattan plots showing each feature by mass-to-charge ratio (m/z, y-axis) and retention time (rt, x-axis). Highlighted area in red shows distinct features in MBB samples which were not detected in EVs isolated by either UC or SEC. C Total ion chromatogram (TIC) plots from positive ionization mode of EV samples isolated by UC (top), SEC (middle) and MBB (bottom). Area highlighted in red shows distinct signals detected in MBB samples which were not detected in either UC or SEC samples. D–E Venn diagrams showing the number of unique features detected in EV samples isolated by each isolation method from D 0.5 mL or E 1 mL starting volume of urine