Fig. 1

Extracellular vesicle (EV) isolation method comparison workflow. EVs were isolated from two different initial volumes of urine (0.5 mL or 1 mL) from rats exposed to either 0 Gy (sham) or 13 Gy, X-irradiation, using 3 independent methods; ultracentrifugation with filtration (UC), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) or a proprietary magnetic bead-based method (MBB). EV isolates were then characterized using cryogenic electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and immunoblot array. Finally, the biochemical content of EVs was evaluated using untargeted quadrupole time of flight (QToF) mass spectrometry for both overall detection signals and potential contaminants