Table 3 eGFR among patients receiving high-oral protein loading, compared to that in patients receiving standard care prior to cardiac surgery

(a) eGFR values (in mL/min/1.73 m²)^a

 3 months

  All patients (n = 323)

86 (84–88)

90 (87–93)

3.9 (0.42–7.3]

0.028

  No AKI (n = 283)

87 (85–89)

91 [89–94)

4.6 (1.1–8.1)

0.011

  AKI (n = 40)

80 (73–87)

79 (69–89)

0.0 (− 13 to 12)

0.936

  Reversal (n

 = 35)

83 (75–91)

79 (70–89)

 − 3.8 (− 16 to 8.7)

0.538

  Non-reversal

66 (47–84)

–

–

–

12 months

  All patients (n = 321)

79 (77–81)

87 (84–90)

7.8 (4.5–11)

 < 0.001

  No AKI (n = 283)

81 (79–83)

89 (86–91)

7.9 (4.6–11)

 < 0.001

  AKI (n = 38)

65 (58–72)

75 (66–84)

9.6 (− 1.7 to 21)

0.093

  Reversal^c (n

 = 34)

69 (62–76)

75 (67–83)

5.8 (− 4.9 to 17)

0.280

  Non-reversal

46 (19–73]

–

–

–

(b) Change in eGFR (in mL/min/1.73 m²)^a relative to the preoperative values

 3 months

  All patients (n = 323)

 − 3.3 (− 4.4 to  − 2.2)

0.15 (− 1.4 to 1.7)

3.5 (1.6 to 5.4)

 < 0.001

  No AKI (n = 283)

 − 3.2 (− 4.3 to − 2.1)

0.68 (− 0.87 to 2.2]

3.9 (2.0 to 5.8)

 < 0.001

  AKI (n = 40)

 − 4.2 (− 8.7– 0.44)

− 3.5 (− 9.8 to 2.8)

0.65 (− 7.1 to 8.4)

0.865

  Reversal^c (n

 = 35)

 − 1.5 (− 6.2 to 3.2)

− 3.5 (− 9.3 to 2.3)

 − 2.0 (− 9.4 to 5.5)

0.594

  Non-reversal

 − 15 (− 30 to − 0.2)

–

–

–

 12 months

  All patients (n = 321)

 − 10 (− 11 to − 9.1)

 − 2.7 (− 4.2 to  − 1.2)

7.5 (5.6 to 9.4)

 < 0.001

  No AKI (n = 283)

 − 9.1 (− 10 to − 8.1)

 − 1.9 (− 3.4 to  − 0.52)

7.2 (5.4 to 8.9)

 < 0.001

  AKI (n = 38)

 − 19 (− 23 to − 14)

 − 8 (− 14 to  − 1.9]

11 (3 to 18)

0.008

  Reversal^c (n

 = 34)

 − 15 (− 19 to − 11)

 − 8 (− 13 to − 3.2)

7.3 (1.1 to 14)

0.022

  Non-reversal

 − 35 (− 61 to  − 9.1)

–

–

–