Table 5 Five common PDX models properties

NSCLC

24%; 25/102

≥ 5 months

EGFR1, MMP7, CA6, KIT, CRP, C9, and SERPINA3 (not FDA approved)

Diagnosis

–

[28, 142,143,144]

Gastric cancer

15%; 35/232

3 months

Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR)/c-Kit

Diagnosis, treatment selection

Yes

[145]

Colorectal cancer

63%; 54/85

2 months

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), fibrin, fibrinogen degradation product DR-70

Disease monitoring, treatment response, progression

Disease monitoring, diagnostics

Yes

[73, 76]

Breast cancer

15%; 20/130

4–5 months

CA 27, 29-CA 15-3

Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER/Neu)

Monitoring disease, treatment response

Prognosis, treatment selection

–

[146, 147]

Prostate cancer

10–20%; 21/261

4–12 months

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and p63

Disease monitoring, diagnostics

Differential diagnosis

–

[87, 146]