Fig. 1

Cancer animal models timeline. The timeline shows the first available reports of the use of animal models during the Aristotle and Erasistratus eras, which over time, recognizing how cancer formed in 1777 and identifying carcinogens paved the way for the use of cancerous animal models in 1910 with the development of DBA mice. Finally, in 1918, the first cancer model was developed by Yamagiwa and Ichikawa. Following the development of the first cell line in 1951, the first CDX model was introduced, which greatly contributed to the improvement of cancer science. Furthermore, PDX and GEMMs were introduced in 1969 and 1981, respectively. GEMMs genetically engineered mouse models, PDX patient-derived xenograft, CDX Cell Line-Derived Xenograft model, DBA dilute, brown and non-agouti