Fig. 3

PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling is essential for TPI1 mediated EMT and aerobic glycolysis. A TPI1 enriched in GSEA. NES, normalized enrichment score. Positive relationship of TPI1 levels with PI3K/AKT/mTOR, WNT signal, glycolysis gluconeogenesis and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis. B Western blot was used to detect levels of key signal transduction proteins in T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells. β-Actin served as a control. C Western blot was applied to explore expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, LDHA, p-mTOR and t-mTOR with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor, 50 μM). β-Actin served as a control. D The CCK-8 assay was assessed in MDA-MB-231/TPI1 and MDA-MB-231/TPI1 after incubation with LY-294002. E The Edu assay was performed in those indicated cells. F Migration and wound-healing assays were performed to investigate mobility of TPI1 in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with or without LY-294002. G Relative glucose uptake (left panel) and lactate production (right panel) were determined in TPI1-overexpressing cells treated with or without LY-294002 (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)