Fig. 3

The effect of NE on pAVIC calcification induced by osteogenic medium. pVICs were cultured in osteogenic medium combined with NE, Alvelestat or both for 24 h. A, B RT-qPCR detection of RUNX2 and OPN. C–H Western blot analysis of bcl-2, bax, TNF-α, RUNX2 and OPN. I The degree of osteoblastic differentiation was measured by ALP staining. J Calcium deposit was measured by Alizarin Red Staining. Scar bar = 100 µm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001 vs corresponding control groups. NS meant no significant difference. The measurement data are expressed as the mean ± SD. All experiments were independently repeated three times