Fig. 4

Survival outcomes and the courses of management of two cases. A Kaplan–Meier estimation of the overall survival (OS) curve for all 16 patients (left panel) and subgroups of patients predicted with metastatic cancer or multiple primary tumors (right panel). B, C Courses of management for two patients whose actual diagnoses coincided with our inferences. Patient 1 was diagnosed with lung cancer with colon metastasis and received first-line therapy with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Representative pulmonary and abdominal CT scans before and after TKI treatment are shown. Also shown are hematoxylin and eosin staining of lung biopsy and rectal surgical specimen, revealing histologic similarity between the two lesions. C Patient 5 was diagnosed and predicted with gastric cancer with lung metastasis. S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) regimen was chosen accordingly, which has achieved favorable clinical response. CT: computed chromatography. PR: partial response