From: The impact of heavy alcohol consumption on cognitive impairment in young old and middle old persons
Variables | Cognitive impairment | |
---|---|---|
60–69 y | 70+ y | |
aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
Alcohol consumption (Ref = Drinkers) | ||
Non-drinkers | 1.500 (0.734–3.065) | 0.865 (0.505–1.480) |
Heavy drinkers | 0.280 (0.095–0.826) | 2.929 (0.624–13.74) |
Demographic | ||
Gender (Ref = Female) | ||
Male | 2.696 (1.537–4.730) | 1.733 (1.132–2.654) |
Race (Ref = Non-Hispanic white) | ||
Others (including multi-racial) | 1.019 (0.371–2.799) | 0.888 (0.432–1.823) |
Other Hispanic | 4.604 (1.395–15.19) | 4.941 (1.997–12.22) |
Mexican American | 4.678 (2.112–10.35) | 2.447 (1.209–4.951) |
Non-Hispanic black | 8.041 (4.436–14.57) | 5.180 (3.117–8.610) |
Education (Ref = College or above) | ||
Under 12th grade | 16.91 (8.669–33.00) | 3.279 (2.046–5.254) |
High school graduate | 5.132 (2.587–10.18) | 1.399 (0.973–2.010) |
Marital status (Ref = Married/ Living with partner) | ||
Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 0.920 (0.513–1.652) | 1.379 (0.889–2.139) |
Never married | 2.644 (0.922–7.584) | 1.063 (0.255–4.435) |
Income ratio (Ref = 4–5 (richest)) | ||
< 1 (Below poverty level) | 2.782 (1.177–6.579) | 2.329 (1.031–5.257) |
1–1.99 | 2.960 (1.302–6.728) | 1.940 (1.136–3.312) |
2–3.99 | 0.846 (0.339–2.111) | 1.242 (0.690–2.237) |
Lifestyle | ||
Smoking (Ref = Non-smoker) | ||
Current smoker | 0.890 (0.440–1.800) | 0.724 (0.313–1.675) |
Former smoker | 1.049 (0.579–1.900) | 0.814 (0.546–1.215) |
Physical activity (Ref = Active) | ||
Inactive | 1.102 (0.629–1.930) | 1.674 (1.091–2.569) |
BMI (Ref = Normal) | ||
Underweight | 22.56 (4.054–125.5) | 1.493 (0.450–4.951) |
Overweight | 0.542 (0.241–1.218) | 0.548 (0.365–0.823) |
Obese | 0.499 (0.269–0.925) | 0.496 (0.264–0.932) |
Attend social events (Ref = No difficulty) | ||
Difficulty | 2.256 (0.600–8.482) | 2.817 (1.547–5.132) |
Comorbidities (Ref = Without) | ||
Diabetes mellitus | 0.930 (0.496–1.745) | 1.502 (0.937–2.408) |
Hypertension | 1.923 (1.155–3.202) | 1.707 (1.160–2.513) |
Stroke | 4.823 (1.527–15.23) | 1.285 (0.707–2.334) |
CKD | 3.121 (1.337–7.287) | 1.835 (1.052–3.202) |