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Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the included patients

From: Prediction of 3-year risk of diabetic kidney disease using machine learning based on electronic medical records

Base line characteristics

All

non-DKD

DKD

P value

Patient population, n

816

408

408

 

Male, n (%)

541 (66.3)

291 (71.3)

250 (61.3)

0.002

Age (years)

56.00 (48.25–65.00)

52.5 (47, 60)

61 (50, 71)

0.000

BMI (kg/m2)

26.03 (24.22, 28.61)

25.79 (24.46, 28.24)

26.30 (23.96, 29.06)

0.343

Hypertension (%)

349 (42.8)

157 (38.5)

192 (47.1)

0.013

Cardiovascular disease (%)

194 (23.8)

79 (19.4)

115 (28.2)

0.292

Cerebrovascular disease (%)

81 (9.9)

36 (8.8)

45 (11)

0.003

Peripheral neuropathy (%)

31 (3.8)

13 (3.2)

18 (4.4)

0.360

Diabetic retinopathy (%)

21 (2.6)

9 (2.2)

12 (2.9)

0.507

eGFR CKD-EPI (ml/min/1.73m2)

98.42 ± 18.63

103.25 ± 16.15

93.6 ± 19.69

0.000

SCR (μmol/L)

68.62 ± 14.06

67.13 ± 12.85

70.1 ± 15.05

0.003

BUN (mmol/L)

5.36 (4.5, 6.43)

5.22 (4.47, 6.16)

5.51 (4.53, 6.66)

0.004

SUA (μmol/L)

331.50 ± 91.85

336 ± 84.46

326.99 ± 98.58

0.161

HbA1c (%)

6.8 (6.3, 77.7)

6.6 (6.18, 7.30)

7.00 (6.41, 8.03)

0.000

ALB (g/L)

43.21 ± 4.04

43.89 ± 3.63

42.54 ± 4.31

0.000

TC (mmol/L)

4.41 (3.72, 5.23)

4.46 (3.85, 5.24)

4.33 (3.65, 5.23)

0.153

TG (mmol/L)

1.58 (1.11, 2.35)

1.69 (1.16, 2.42)

1.50 (1.03, 2.21)

0.019

HDL (mmol/L)

1.04 (0.89, 1.28)

1.03 (0.88, 1.26)

1.07 (0.90, 1.31)

0.107

LDL (mmol/L)

2.76 ± 0.91

2.82 ± 0.86

2.71 ± 0.95

0.09

K (mmol/L)

4.09 ± 0.38

4.07 ± 0.33

4.1 ± 0.42

0.372

Na (mmol/L)

142 (140, 143.3)

142.00 (140.80, 143.88)

141.60 (139.4, 143.00)

0.000

Ca (mmol/L)

2.29 ± 0.11

2.29 ± 0.10

2.28 ± 0.12

0.381

P (mmol/L)

1.18 ± 0.18

1.20 ± 0.18

1.17 ± 0.18

0.023

Bicarbonate (mmol/L)

26.13 (24.95, 27.5)

25.98 (24.9, 27.10)

26.23 (25.01, 27.78)

0.017

Hcy

12.59 (10.17, 15.45)

1175 (9.71, 14.16)

13.61 (10.74, 16.65)

0.000

Hb (g/L)

141.93 ± 18.8

145.51 ± 16.82

138.34 ± 19.98

0.000

NLR

1.84 (1.42, 2.44)

1.76 (1.35, 2.32)

1.97 (1.45, 2.61)

0.000

FIB (g/L)

3.09 (2.70, 3.54)

3.00 (2.65, 3.42)

3.18 (2.77, 3.69)

0.000

  1. Values for continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range]; values for categorical data are given as number (percent). The P value represents comparison between non-DKD group and DKD group
  2. Abbreviations and definitions: BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SCR, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; SUA, serum uric acid; ALB, serum albumin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL. high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; K, serum potassium; Na, serum sodium; Ca, calcium; P, phosphate; Hcy, homocysteine; Hb, hemoglobin; NLR, neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio; FIB, Plasma fibrinogen