Fig. 1

Cytokines. The levels of cytokines (IL-4, 5, 13, 17, 25, 33, and IFN-γ) were measured in BALF in all groups. The levels of IL-4, 5, 13, 17, 25, and 33 were increased significantly (p < 0.05) after sensitization/challenge with OVA and also OVA-LPS as compared to their levels in non-sensitized animals and the level of INF-γ were decreased in sensitized/challenged group. The pro- and pre-biotic treated reduced the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-25 and IL-33 as compared to non-treated OVA-LPS induced asthmatic mice. The level of IL-17 was significantly decreased only in probiotics treated group. The levels of IFN-γ considerably (p < 0.05) increased in the probiotics and prebiotics treated groups. The significant difference (p < 0.05) between treated groups and non-treated OVA-LPS group was shown with symbols that include: * for IL-33, # for IL-25, @ for IL-17, & for IL-13, $ for IL-5, and % for IL-4