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Fig. 3 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Computer-assisted three-dimensional quantitation of programmed death-ligand 1 in non-small cell lung cancer using tissue clearing technology

Fig. 3

Computer-assisted quantitation of PD-L1 expression in 3D space shows clinically significant variation at different tissue depth levels. A, B To simulate the main future application of this technology in needle biopsy specimens, we generated pseudo-needle biopsy images that are 8 mm in length, 1 mm in width, and 150 μm in depth from the 3D images obtained from surgical resection specimens. CE In this limited volume of specimen, the PD-L1 TPS varied significantly at different tissue depth levels, as shown in one representative case. F The average difference between the highest and lowest TPS observed in the pseudo-needle biopsy 3D images was 4.9%, with 5 out of 33 cases (15.2%) showing a TPS difference greater than 10%. G In 14 of 33 cases (42.4%), the TPS fell into different categories at different tissue depth levels, while in 19 cases (57.6%) the TPS category was constant throughout the specimen (Scale bar: A–B: 1000 μm, C–D: 50 μm)

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