From: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) as a therapeutic target in cancer
Nano platform | Target | Drug | Imaging | Effect | References, year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
uPA-SP@CaP NPs | uPA peptide, amino acid sequence: VSNKYFSNIHWGC (uPAR) | BRCA1 siRNA, Pro-Pt | Fluorescence imaging (Dir) | Improve anticancer efficacy of the TNBC (pH-responsive sequential release ability, lysosomal escape property, dual tumour targeting, and irreversible DNA damage behavior) | [161], 2019 |
ATF-IO-Dox | ATF (uPAR) | Dox | MRI | A marked inhibition of tumour cell growth in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells | [162], 2008 |
iWnt-ATF24-IONP-Dox | iWnt, amino acid sequence: NSNAIKNKKHHH (Wnt/LRP5/6), ATF24, amino acid sequence: CHHHCLNGGTCVSNKYFSNIHWCNCPKK (uPAR) | Dox | NIR-830 dye for optical imaging | Strong tumour growth inhibition in a human chemo-resistant cancer patient-derived xenograft model (inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling and cancer stem-like phenotype of tumour cells; marked reduction of Wnt ligand, CD44 and uPAR) | [163], 2018 |
ATF-IONP-Gem | ATF (uPAR) | Gem | MRI | Inhibit the growth of orthotopic human pancreatic cancer xenografts in nude mice (overcoming the tumour stromal barrier) | [164], 2013 |
ATF-PEG-IONP-Cis or ATF-PEG-IONP-Dox | ATF (uPAR) | Cis or Dox | NIR optical imaging and MRI | Inhibit the growth of pancreatic tumours (i.p.); decrease proliferating tumour cells and tumour vessels; reduce the amount of ascites production | [165], 2017 |
LHRH-AE105-IONPs-PTX | LHRH (LHRH-R), AE105 (uPAR) | PTX | MRI | 10 times reduction in the concentration of PTX required to achieve similar cytotoxic effect produced by the free drug (LHRH-R- and uPAR-overexpressing PC-3 cells) | [166], 2017 |
DTX/AE Lipo | AE147 (uPAR) | DTX | Fluorescence imaging | DTX/AE-Lipo (IC50 4.61 µg/mL) achieves better anticancer activity than free DTX (IC50 7.18 µg/mL) or DTX/Lipo (IC50 8.59 µg/mL) | [167], 2021 |
PAI-2Â N-AI liposomes | PAI-2 (uPAR) | N-alkylisatin | NA | An increased accumulation at the primary tumour site in an orthotopic MDA-MB-231 BALB/c-Fox1nu/Ausb xenograft mouse model | [168], 2020 |
U11 peptide targeted NPs | U11 peptide (uPAR) | Plasmid DNA | Fluorescence imaging (Rhodamine) | Transfection of uPAR positive DU145 cells is essentially tenfold higher compared to transfection achieved by NPs having a scrambled peptide sequence on their surface | [105], 2009 |
U11-Dox/Cur NPs | U11 peptide (uPAR) | Dox/Cur | Fluorescence imaging (Coumarin 6) | Inhibit the tumour growth to a level of 85% | [169], 2019 |
ATF24-PEG-Lipo-β-E | ATF24 (uPAR) | β-E | Fluorescence imaging (Did) | Combined with Cis, exert a synergistic effect on cellular apoptosis and cell arrest at the G2/M phase (dependent on the caspase-dependent pathway and Cdc25C/Cdc2/cyclin B1 pathways) | [170], 2020 |
uPA-Anti-miR-21-Anti-miR-10b-NPs | uPA peptide (VSNKYFSNIHWGC) | Antisense-miR-21, antisense-miR-10b | Optical bioluminescence imaging (MDA-MB-231-Fluc-eGFP cells) | 40% reduction in tumour growth compared to scrambled peptide conjugated NPs treated mice (0.15Â mg/kg) | [171], 2015 |