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Fig. 1 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Exosomes as bio-inspired nanocarriers for RNA delivery: preparation and applications

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of isolation methodology of exosomes. a Size exclusion chromatography which separates particles based on size, is one of the most common methods for obtaining a large volume of exosomes due to the lack of protein contamination and the ability to purify the exosome on a large scale. b Ultracentrifuge separation, despite being dependent on expensive equipment, has been widely used to isolate exosomes based on size and sedimentation properties or density in sucrose gradients. c Microfluidics-based methods rely on physical properties such as size and density, or chemical properties such as binding to exosome surface antigens. d In immunoaffinity methods, exosomes are captured based on their specific binding to antibodies or magnetic nanoparticles. As a result, the surface chemical properties are critical in these techniques. e In ultrafiltration, the particles are centrifuged through the filter and separated based on the pore size of the filter. f In the polymer co-percipitation method, based on steric exclusion, particles are gathered by PEG to form clumps that can be easily precipitated by low-speed centrifugation. g In field flow fractionation, particles accumulate at different position of the membrane depending on their size. Separation occurs when the diffusing and cross-flow forces are balanced

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