Table 1 Immunotherapy approaches in anti-myeloma treatments
Technology | Targeted molecule | Introduced drug | Mechanism of action | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mono-clonal antibody-based technologies | Anti-CD38 | Daratumumab | ADCC, ADCP, CDC | [62] | |
Isatoximab | ADCC, ADCP, CDC, Pro-apoptosis | [62] | |||
Anti-SLAMF7 | Elotuzumab | ADCC via NK cell activation through EAT-2 and CD16 | [93] | ||
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) | Anti-BCMA | Belantamab mafodotin (GSK-2857916) | Humanized anti-BCMA IgG1 MoA conjugated to monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) | ||
Anti-CD138 | Indatuximab ravtansine | Targeting CD138, linked with maytansinoid cytotoxic agent | [38] | ||
Anti-CD56 | Lorvotuzumab-mertansine | Targeting CD56, linked to a microtubule inhibitor (MD1) | [40] | ||
Anti-CD74 | Milatuzumab doxorubicin | Targeting the CD74 linked to doxorubicin | [8] | ||
Bispecific monoclonal antibodies (Bs mAbs) | CD19/CD3 | Blinatumomab | Cytotoxicity induction by accumulating T-cells to CD19 + cells | [106] | |
BCMA/CD3 | AMG-420 | Cytotoxicity induction by accumulating T-cells to BCMA + cells | [104] | ||
BCMA/CD3 | AMG-701 | Cytotoxicity induction by accumulating T-cells to BCMA + cells with extended serum half-life in compared with AMG-420 | [108] | ||
BCMA/CD3 | teclistamab (JNJ-64007957) | Direct Cytotoxicity induction by accumulating T-cells to BCMA + cells | [110] | ||
CD38/CD3 | GBR-1342 | Direct Cytotoxicity induction by accumulating T-cells to CD38 + cells | [98] | ||
CD38/CD3 | AMG-424 | Direct Cytotoxicity induction by accumulating T-cells to CD38 + cells | [104] | ||
FcRH5-CD3 | Cevostamab-BFCR4350A | Direct Cytotoxicity induction by accumulating T-cells to FcRH5 expressing cells | [112] | ||
GPRC5D-CD3 | talquetamab-JNJ-64407564 | Direct Cytotoxicity induction by accumulating T-cells to GPRC5D presenting cells | [113] | ||