Table 1 Classification of described exosomal RNA in various cancers

Breast cancer

miR-1246, miR-21

Upregulated

–

Plasma (mouse model)

[127]

miR-363-5p

Downregulated

Inhibition of Axillary lymph node metastasis

Plasma

[129]

miR-500a-5p

Upregulated

Metastasis

CAFs

[130]

miR-22

Upregulated

Tamoxifen resistance

CD63 + CAFs

[119]

Breast cancer (TNBC)

miR-150-5p miR-576-3p miR-4665-5p

Upregulated

Cancer recurrence

Plasma

[128]

Gastric cancer

miR-92b-3p, let-7 g-5p, miR-146b-5p, and miR-9-5p

Upregulated

–

Serum

[115]

miR-100 and miR-148a

Upregulated

–

Gastric cancer cells

[116]

miR-1290, miR-1246, miR-628-5p, miR-675-3p, miR-424-5p, miR-590-3p

Upregulated

–

CSCs

[117]

let-7b-5p, miR-224-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-615-3p, miR-5787

Downregulated

CSCs

[117]

miR-1307-3p, piR-019308, piR-004918, and piR-018569

Upregulated

–

Serum

[118]

piR-004918 and piR-019308

Upregulated

Metastasis

Serum

[118]

Ovarian cancer

miR-106a-5p, let-7d-5p, and miR-93-5p

Upregulated

–

Plasma

[121]

miR-122-5p, miR-185-5p, and miR-99b-5p

Downregulated

–

Plasma

[121]

miR-149-3p and miR-222-5p

Upregulated

–

Peritoneum

[122]

miR21

Upregulated

Metastasis and chemoresistance

CAAs and CAFs

[123]

Prostate cancer

miR-196a-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-501-3p and miR-92a-1-5p

Downregulated

–

Urine

[139]

miR-30a/e-5p

Endogenous normalizers

–

Plasma

[140]

miR-21, miR-204, miR-375

Upregulated

Tumor development

Urine

[141]

miR-217

miR-23b-3p

Upregulated

Downregulated

Cell proliferation, growth inhibition

Plasma

[142]

miR-1290 and miR-375

Upregulated

–

Plasma

[140]

Pancreatic cancer

miR-196a and miR-1246

Upregulated

Indicator of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Plasma

[91]

miR-191, miR-21, and miR-451a

Upregulated

Growth and metastasis

Serum

[92]

miR-21, let-7 and miR-122

Upregulated

–

Tissue and serum

[100]

miR-122-5p, miR-455-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-100- 5p and miR-1246-5p

Upregulated

Tumor progression

Serum

[101]

Hepatocellular carcinoma

circPTGR1

Upregulated

cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of metastatic tumors

Serum

[102]

miR-10b-5p, miR-18a-5p and miR-940

Upregulated

Early-stage HCC

Serum

[103]

miR-1307-5p

Upregulated

Promoting EMT

Serum

[104]

lnc-FAM72D-3 and lnc-EPC1-4

Upregulated

Tumor cell viability,

Inhibition of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis

Serum

[105]

lnc85

Upregulated

Proliferation, migration, and apoptosis

Plasma

[106]

Osteosarcoma

miR-675

Upregulated

Migration and invasion

Serum

[108]

miR-21-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-148a-3p, and miR-181a-5p

Upregulated

Metastasis regulation

Serum-free conditioned media

[109]

miR-148a and miR-21-5p

Upregulated

Bone remodeling and tumor angiogenesis

Low serum medium

[110]