Fig. 2

The potential pathogenic effects of chemerin/chemR23 axis on vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. The schematic figures indicate that chemerin/chemR23 axis leads to vascular dysfunction through diversified pathways, including ECs (enhanced proliferation and migration, increased inflammation, decreased NO production and augmented oxidative stress), VSMCs (enhanced proliferation and migration, increased inflammation, excessive apoptosis, augmented oxidative stress) and PVAT dysfunction (enhanced chemerin secretion and increased chemR23 expression), which further results in various vascular-related diseases