Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease development

Table 4 HRs and 95% CIs for the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases

Outcomes	DM participants						Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR^a (95% CI)
	Without HTN (n = 16,236)			With HTN (n = 16,236)
	Events	PY	IR	Events	PY	IR
CAD	1353	124,027	10.91	2514	110,871	22.68	2.21 (2.07–2.38)	2.22 (2.07–2.37)
Stroke	863	126,799	6.81	1349	119,087	11.33	1.64 (1.50–1.78)	1.69 (1.55–1.84)
Heart failure	208	130,144	1.60	564	123,184	4.58	2.82 (2.40–3.31)	2.78 (2.37–3.27)

Outcomes	HTN participants						Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR^b (95% CI)
	Without DM (n = 53,509)			With DM (n = 53,509)
	Events	PY	IR	Events	PY	IR
CAD	8540	403,982	21.14	9690	384,191	25.22	1.18 (1.15–1.22)	1.19 (1.16–1.23)
Stroke	5236	431,530	12.13	6081	415,229	14.64	1.20 (1.16–1.25)	1.25 (1.21–1.30)
Heart failure	1796	453,406	3.96	2040	442,778	4.61	1.16 (1.09–1.24)	1.20 (1.13–1.28)

Outcomes	Coexisted DM and HTN participants						Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR^c (95% CI)
	Previous HTN (n = 21,158)			Previous DM (n = 21,158)
	Events	PY	IR	Events	PY	IR
CAD	4962	157,525	31.50	4847	153,584	31.56	0.99 (0.85–1.03)	0.92 (0.82–1.02)
Stroke	3099	174,743	17.73	3374	167,244	20.17	1.12 (1.07–1.18)	0.98 (0.93–1.05)
Heart failure	1196	189,855	6.30	1319	181,499	7.27	1.16 (1.08–1.25)	0.95 (0.88–1.03)

DM diabetes mellitus, HTN hypertension, CAD coronary artery disease, PY person-years, IR incidence rate, per 1000 person-years, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval. ^a aHR adjusted for age, sex, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), liver cirrhosis, peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score, Diabetes Complications Severity Index (DCSI) score, antidiabetic drugs, statin, DM duration and index year. ^b aHR adjusted for age, gender, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, CKD, COPD, liver cirrhosis, PAOD, CCI score, antihypertensive drugs, statin, aspirin, HTN duration, and index year. ^c aHR adjusted for age, sex, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, CKD, COPD, liver cirrhosis, PAOD, statin, aspirin, and index year

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