Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease development

Table 2 Comparison of baseline characteristics in participants with HTN

Characteristics	HTN participants				SMD
	Non-DM (n = 53,509)		DM (n = 53,509)
	N	%	n	%
Age, years
20–40	4923	9.20	4555	8.51	0.03
40–60	28,831	53.88	30,124	56.30	0.04
60–80	19,755	36.92	18,830	35.19	0.02
Mean ± SD	56.48 ± 12.81		56.20 ± 11.71		0.01
Gender
Female	25,549	47.75	25,531	47.71	0.001
Male	27,960	52.25	27,978	52.29	0.001
Obesity
Overweight	75	0.14	81	0.15	0.002
Obesity	695	1.30	743	1.39	0.007
Severe obesity	152	0.28	146	0.27	0.002
Smoking	824	1.54	856	1.60	0.005
Comorbidity
Dyslipidemia	24,512	45.80	24,907	46.55	0.01
CKD	2187	4.09	2318	4.33	0.01
COPD	10,096	18.87	10,785	20.16	0.03
Liver cirrhosis	826	1.54	889	1.66	0.01
PAOD	1079	2.02	1093	2.04	0.001
CCI score
0	22,517	42.08	21,167	39.56	0.05
1	16,583	30.99	17,398	32.51	0.03
≥ 2	14,409	26.93	14,944	27.93	0.02
Antihypertensive drugs
ACEI/ARB	26,416	49.37	26,930	50.33	0.01
β-blockers	25,418	47.50	26,475	49.48	0.03
Calcium-channel blockers	28,200	52.70	28,960	54.12	0.02
Diuretics	19,473	36.39	20,124	37.61	0.02
Number of antihypertensive drugs
0–1	22,709	42.44	21,851	40.84	0.03
2–3	24,681	46.12	24,241	45.30	0.01
≥ 3	6119	11.44	7417	13.86	0.04
Other drug
Statin	9976	18.64	10,523	19.67	0.02
Aspirin	9721	18.17	10,069	18.82	0.01
HTN duration, year	3.81 ± 3.29		3.91 ± 3.86		0.02

Data are shown as n (%) or mean ± SD. DM diabetes, HTN hypertension, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PAOD peripheral arterial occlusion disease, ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, SMD standardized mean difference. A standardized mean difference of 0.05 or less indicates a negligible difference

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