Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease development

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics in participants with type 2 DM

Characteristics	DM participants				SMD
	Non-HTN (n = 16,236)		HTN (n = 16,236)
	N	%	n	%
Age, years
20–40	2087	12.85	2000	12.32	0.01
40–60	9803	60.38	9918	61.09	0.01
60–80	4346	26.77	4318	26.60	0.003
Mean ± SD	53.25 ± 11.92		53.32 ± 11.82		0.006
Gender
Female	7507	46.24	7440	45.82	0.008
Male	8729	53.76	8796	54.18	0.008
Obesity
Overweight	43	0.26	38	0.23	0.006
Obesity	270	1.66	239	1.47	0.01
Severe obesity	61	0.38	56	0.34	0.005
Smoking	343	2.11	311	1.92	0.01
Comorbidity
Dyslipidemia	8796	54.18	9078	55.91	0.03
CKD	634	3.9	681	4.19	0.01
COPD	2975	18.32	3049	18.78	0.01
Liver cirrhosis	486	2.99	502	3.09	0.005
PAOD	333	2.05	350	2.16	0.007
CCI score
0	6383	39.31	6099	37.56	0.03
1	4972	30.62	5132	31.61	0.02
≥ 2	4881	30.06	5005	30.83	0.01
DCSI score
0	7397	45.56	7294	44.92	0.01
1	3057	18.83	3141	19.35	0.01
≥ 2	5782	35.61	5801	35.73	0.002
Antidiabetic drugs
Metformin	5874	36.18	5967	36.75	0.01
Sulphonylurea	5391	33.20	5596	34.47	0.05
Thiazolidinedione	1197	7.37	1245	7.67	0.01
DPP-4 inhibitors	624	3.84	602	3.71	0.007
α-glucosidase inhibitor	1166	7.18	1234	7.60	0.012
Number of antidiabetic drugs
0–1	11,686	71.98	11,569	71.26	0.01
2–3	4180	25.75	4295	26.45	0.011
≥ 3	370	2.28	372	2.29	0.008
Insulin	4561	28.09	4718	29.06	0.02
Other drug
Statin	3673	22.62	3762	23.17	0.01
DM duration, year	3.72 ± 3.26		3.78 ± 3.84		0.01

Data are shown as n (%) or mean ± SD. DM diabetes mellitus, HTN hypertension, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PAOD peripheral arterial occlusion disease, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, DCSI diabetes complications severity index, SMD standardized mean difference. A standardized mean difference of 0.05 or less indicates a negligible difference

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