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Fig. 1 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Mendelian randomization study updates the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on the risk of multiple sclerosis

Fig. 1

Design flow chart for the MR study. MR assumptions: assumption 1, 2 and 3. Solid line represents direct causal effects that 25OHD genetic instrument variants are reliably associated with 25OHD levels and influence the risk of MS through the 25OHD in assumption 1. The dotted line represents that 25OHD genetic instrument variants are not associated with any measured or unmeasured confounders and do not influence the risk of MS through other pathways in assumption 2 and 3, respectively

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