Table 2 Baseline characteristics of five classes
Variables | Overall | Class1 | Class2 | Class3 | Class4 | Class5 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 9869 | 351 | 145 | 703 | 719 | 7951 | |
Age, year | 65.00 [54.00, 76.00] | 61.00 [46.50, 71.00] | 50.00 [36.00, 60.00] | 60.00 [47.00, 71.00] | 62.00 [51.00, 73.50] | 66.00 [55.00, 77.00] | < 0.001 |
Gender (%) | |||||||
Male | 5812 (58.9) | 155 (44.2) | 65 (44.8) | 382 (54.3) | 363 (50.5) | 4847 (61.0) | < 0.001 |
Female | 4057 (41.1) | 196 (55.8) | 80 (55.2) | 321 (45.7) | 356 (49.5) | 3104 (39.0) | |
Ethnicity (%) | |||||||
White | 6631 (67.2) | 224 (63.8) | 64 (44.1) | 438 (62.3) | 455 (63.3) | 5450 (68.5) | < 0.001 |
Black | 873 (8.8) | 31 (8.8) | 23 (15.9) | 63 (9.0) | 66 (9.2) | 690 (8.7) | |
Others | 2365 (24.0) | 96 (27.4) | 58 (40.0) | 202 (28.7) | 198 (27.5) | 1811 (22.8) | |
First_careunit (%) | |||||||
MICU/SICU | 7113 (72.1) | 245 (69.8) | 121 (83.4) | 512 (72.8) | 413 (57.4) | 5822 (73.2) | < 0.001 |
CCU | 2433 (24.7) | 95 (27.1) | 20 (13.8) | 163 (23.2) | 284 (39.5) | 1871 (23.5) | |
Others | 323 (3.3) | 11 (3.1) | 4 (2.8) | 28 (4.0) | 22 (3.1) | 258 (3.2) | |
Ventilator (%) | |||||||
No | 3006 (30.5) | 95 (27.1) | 73 (50.3) | 222 (31.6) | 156 (21.7) | 2460 (30.9) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 6863 (69.5) | 256 (72.9) | 72 (49.7) | 481 (68.4) | 563 (78.3) | 5491 (69.1) | |
Vasopressor (%) | |||||||
No | 6558 (66.5) | 224 (63.8) | 76 (52.4) | 436 (62.0) | 441 (61.3) | 5381 (67.7) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 3311 (33.5) | 127 (36.2) | 69 (47.6) | 267 (38.0) | 278 (38.7) | 2570 (32.3) | |
CRRT (%) | |||||||
No | 9761 (98.9) | 349 (99.4) | 145 (100.0) | 695 (98.9) | 713 (99.2) | 7859 (98.8) | 0.517 |
Yes | 108 (1.1) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (1.1) | 6 (0.8) | 92 (1.2) | |
SAPSII | 35.00 [28.00, 43.00] | 34.00 [26.00, 40.00] | 31.00 [23.00, 40.00] | 33.00 [26.00, 42.00] | 34.00 [27.00, 41.00] | 36.00 [29.00, 43.00] | < 0.001 |
SOFA | 3.00 [2.00, 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 4.00] | 0.011 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 5.00 [3.00, 7.00] | 5.00 [2.00, 7.00] | 3.00 [1.00, 6.00] | 5.00 [3.00, 7.00] | 5.00 [3.00, 7.00] | 6.00 [4.00, 8.00] | < 0.001 |
Laboratory tests | |||||||
WBC (k/uL) | 11.00 [7.70, 15.30] | 10.90 [7.55, 15.05] | 11.30 [7.60, 16.30] | 10.70 [7.30, 14.90] | 11.30 [7.90, 15.10] | 11.00 [7.70, 15.30] | 0.354 |
RBC (m/uL) | 3.38 [2.94, 3.84] | 3.25 [2.95, 3.75] | 3.42 [2.88, 3.95] | 3.37 [2.95, 3.87] | 3.36 [3.00, 3.84] | 3.39 [2.94, 3.84] | 0.427 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.10 [8.80, 11.50] | 9.60 [8.60, 10.90] | 10.10 [8.70, 11.60] | 10.00 [8.80, 11.55] | 10.20 [9.00, 11.50] | 10.10 [8.80, 11.50] | 0.015 |
RDW (%) | 14.70 [13.60, 16.30] | 14.70 [13.60, 16.35] | 14.40 [13.50, 16.30] | 14.60 [13.60, 16.50] | 14.30 [13.40, 15.70] | 14.70 [13.60, 16.30] | < 0.001 |
Platelet (k/uL) | 178.00 [124.00, 249.00] | 178.00 [118.50, 258.00] | 196.00 [137.00, 258.00] | 181.00 [124.00, 256.00] | 171.00 [122.00, 232.50] | 178.00 [124.00, 249.00] | 0.296 |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 139.00 [136.00, 141.00] | 139.00 [135.00, 142.00] | 140.00 [135.00, 142.00] | 139.00 [136.00, 141.00] | 139.00 [136.00, 141.00] | 139.00 [136.00, 141.00] | 0.579 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.10 [3.70, 4.50] | 4.00 [3.60, 4.30] | 3.80 [3.40, 4.30] | 4.00 [3.60, 4.30] | 4.00 [3.60, 4.40] | 4.10 [3.70, 4.50] | < 0.001 |
Chloride (mEq/L) | 106.00 [101.00, 109.00] | 105.00 [101.50, 109.00] | 107.00 [103.00, 112.00] | 106.00 [101.00, 109.00] | 106.00 [102.00, 110.00] | 105.00 [101.00, 109.00] | 0.001 |
Bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 23.00 [20.00, 26.00] | 23.00 [20.00, 26.00] | 22.00 [18.00, 24.00] | 23.00 [20.00, 25.00] | 24.00 [21.00, 26.00] | 23.00 [20.00, 26.00] | < 0.001 |
AG (mEq/L) | 13.00 [11.00, 16.00] | 13.00 [11.00, 15.50] | 14.00 [11.00, 16.00] | 14.00 [11.00, 16.00] | 13.00 [11.00, 15.00] | 13.00 [11.00, 16.00] | 0.006 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 124.00 [103.00, 156.00] | 123.00 [100.50, 159.00] | 128.00 [103.00, 158.00] | 119.00 [100.00, 150.00] | 120.00 [103.00, 147.00] | 125.00 [104.00, 157.00] | 0.006 |
Creatinine (g/dL) | 0.90 [0.70, 1.40] | 0.80 [0.60, 1.10] | 0.80 [0.60, 1.40] | 0.90 [0.60, 1.40] | 0.80 [0.60, 1.10] | 1.00 [0.70, 1.40] | < 0.001 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 18.00 [12.00, 32.00] | 14.00 [9.00, 25.00] | 12.00 [7.00, 24.00] | 16.00 [9.00, 30.00] | 14.00 [10.00, 21.00] | 20.00 [13.00, 34.00] | < 0.001 |
Mean total urine output (mL/(kg h)) | 1.29 [0.95, 1.78] | 2.30 [2.04, 2.66] | 4.32 [3.97, 5.03] | 2.38 [2.15, 2.75] | 2.32 [2.04, 2.76] | 1.15 [0.89, 1.46] | < 0.001 |
First six-hour urine output (mL/(kg h)) | 1.28 [0.83, 2.04] | 1.58 [1.04, 2.12] | 4.25 [3.28, 5.49] | 1.98 [1.31, 2.53] | 4.05 [3.54, 4.82] | 1.12 [0.77, 1.67] | < 0.001 |
Second six-hour urine output (mL/(kg h)) | 1.16 [0.80, 1.77] | 1.51 [0.97, 2.05] | 4.99 [4.05, 6.20] | 2.72 [2.15, 3.53] | 2.04 [1.42, 2.74] | 1.03 [0.75, 1.46] | < 0.001 |
Third six-hour urine output (mL/(kg h)) | 1.12 [0.78, 1.72] | 2.05 [1.41, 2.85] | 4.37 [3.36, 5.62] | 2.88 [2.25, 3.59] | 1.35 [0.98, 1.97] | 1.01 [0.74, 1.44] | < 0.001 |
Fourth six-hour urine output (mL/(kg h)) | 1.12 [0.75, 1.75] | 3.80 [3.39, 4.38] | 3.67 [2.70, 4.90] | 1.97 [1.44, 2.61] | 1.45 [0.97, 2.19] | 1.00 [0.70, 1.48] | < 0.001 |
AKI (%) | |||||||
No | 5815 (58.9) | 267 (76.1) | 120 (82.8) | 472 (67.1) | 462 (64.3) | 4494 (56.5) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 4054 (41.1) | 84 (23.9) | 25 (17.2) | 231 (32.9) | 257 (35.7) | 3457 (43.5) | |
Endpoints (%) | |||||||
Alive | 5515 (55.9) | 251 (71.5) | 115 (79.3) | 446 (63.4) | 448 (62.3) | 4255 (53.5) | < 0.001 |
AKI | 4054 (41.1) | 84 (23.9) | 25 (17.2) | 231 (32.9) | 257 (35.7) | 3457 (43.5) | |
In-hospital Death | 300 (3.0) | 16 (4.6) | 5 (3.4) | 26 (3.7) | 14 (1.9) | 239 (3.0) | |
Follow-up time | 4.21 [1.96, 7.72] | 5.27 [3.19, 8.85] | 5.56 [3.60, 9.58] | 5.13 [2.74, 8.82] | 4.82 [2.25, 8.17] | 4.08 [1.83, 7.53] | < 0.001 |