From: Cytometric analysis of patients with COVID-19: what is changed in the second wave?
 | Wave | All | WHO 3 | WHO 4 | WHO 5–7 | Kruskal- Wallis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 1st | 35 | 7 (20) | 20 (57) | 8 (23) | – |
 | 2nd | 274 | 65 (24) | 141 (51) | 68 (25) | – |
 | 1st vs 2nd | – | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |
Age, yrs | 1st | 62 (50–73) | 60 (39–62) | 64 (51–73) | 75 (57–79) | n.s |
 | 2nd | 55 (37–66) | 34 (29–48) | 59 (41–68) a | 57 (48–73)b |  < 0.0001 |
 | 1st vs 2nd | 0.023 | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |
Males, N (%) | 1st | 27 (77) | 4 (57) | 16 (80) | 7 (88) | – |
 | 2nd | 139 (51) | 15 (23) | 77 (55) | 47 (69)b | – |
 | 1st vs 2nd | 0.003 | n.s | 0.031 | n.s |  |
IL-6 | 1st | 171 (90–397) | 130 (90–223) | 197 (86–375) | 292 (53–769)b | 0.021 |
0–4.5 | 2nd | 28 (23–41) | 28 (23–41) | 28 (21–41) | 31 (25–46) | n.s |
 | 1st vs 2nd |  < 0.0001 | 0.0007 |  < 0.0001 | 0.004 |  |
Total | 1st | 1116 (539–1387) | 1595 (588–1924) | 1153 (653–1333) | 450 (267–1033) | n.s |
1500–3000 | 2nd | 1058 (709–1683) | 1289 (874–1860) | 1058 (736–1577) | 770 (518–1735) | n.s |
 | 1st vs 2nd | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |
T | 1st | 793 (395–1027) | 959 (306–1673) | 801 (485–1015)a | 309 (221–776)b | 0.041 |
605–2460 | 2nd | 801 (465–1245) | 996 (600–1477) | 780 (495–1187) | 564 (336–1203) | n.s |
 | 1st vs 2nd | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |
T helper | 1st | 482 (225–692) | 692 (223–803) | 527 (268–616) | 215 (162–421)b | 0.050 |
493–1666 | 2nd | 461 (283–797) | 539 (321–873) | 461 (316–794) | 364 (173–702)b, c | 0.040 |
 | 1st vs 2nd | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |
T suppressor | 1st | 201 (109–357) | 304 (56–482) | 197 (123–357) | 88 (30–310) | n.s |
229–1112 | 2nd | 249 (146–395) | 287 (204–436) | 236 (148–361) | 198 (102–376)b | 0.018 |
 | 1st vs 2nd | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |
B | 1st | 76 (40–154) | 154 (47–241) | 67 (37–119) | 68 (38–106) | n.s |
72–520 | 2nd | 141 (67–244) | 106 (64–225) | 160 (77–247) | 121 (47–272) | n.s |
 | 1st vs 2nd | 0.004 | n.s | 0.009 | n.s |  |
Naïve | 1st | 463 (287–915) | 861 (412–1231) | 468 (337–811) | 252 (191–788) | n.s |
126–1121 | 2nd | 648 (431–1071) | 759 (510–1180) | 688 (440–1008) | 482 (328–1077) | n.s |
 | 1st vs 2nd | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |
NK | 1st | 134 (84–239) | 153 (117–239) | 148 (99–266) | 88 (71–128) | n.s |
73–654 | 2nd | 81 (48–132) | 93 (51–157) | 77 (47–125) | 80 (48–130) | n.s |
 | 1st vs 2nd | 0.004 | n.s | 0.002 | n.s |  |
T regulatory | 1st | 17.6 (7.0–27.3) | 24.5 (17.6–35.1) | 18.9 (8.4–31.4) | 9.1 (3.2–17.1)b | 0.03 |
7-52 | 2nd | 9.1 (4.8–15.5) | 11.0 (7.3–18.3) | 9.3 (4.7–15.4)a | 7.1 (2.96–12.7)b |  < 0.0001 |
 | 1st vs 2nd | 0.002 | 0.024 | 0.008 | n.s |  |
Total activated | 1st | 137 (88–234) | 234 (100–478) | 137 (113–209) | 87 (53–223) | n.s |
86-799 | 2nd | 193 (104–311) | 171 (99–309) | 206 (127–311) | 138 (85–324) | n.s |
 | 1st vs 2nd | n.s | n.s | 0.034 | n.s |  |
Activated T | 1st | 30.1 (11.8–56.9) | 37.1 (6.1–98.9) | 31.3 (19.6–54.5) | 10.4 (7.2–61.9) | n.s |
14–411 | 2nd | 25.0 (12.6–45.8) | 24.7 (12.0–46.6) | 31.0 (15.6–48.6) | 19.9 (11.0–35.1) | n.s |
 | 1st vs 2nd | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |
TH1 | 1st | 93 (49–195) | 180 (56–249) | 89 (51–192) | 44 (19–107)b | 0.050 |
37–220 | 2nd | 79 (42–147) | 99 (65–178) | 80 (44–139) | 55 (27–117)b, c | 0.016 |
 | 1st vs 2nd | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |
Activated TH1 | 1st | 6.3 (2.7–12.2) | 6.4 (2.4–15.7) | 6.2 (2.7–12.4) | 5.3 (1.3–8.9) | n.s |
0–20 | 2nd | 3.6 (1.7–7.6) | 4.0 (1.6–6.9) | 4.4 (2.0–10.3) | 3.1 (1.6–6.1) | n.s |
 | 1st vs 2nd | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |
TH17 | 1st | 44.2 (22.3–65.1) | 55.4 (22.3–66.0) | 50.4 (27.6–66.1) | 22.8 (12.0–42.0) | n.s |
3.76–60.0 | 2nd | 45.2 (24.1–76.6) | 46.3 (19.6–70.6) | 50.3 (26.1–80.8) | 38.0 (20.6–76.9) | n.s |
 | 1st vs 2nd | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |
Activated TH17 | 1st | 0.57 (0.23–0.80) | 0.69 (0.45–0.80) | 0.55 (0.15–0.89) | 0.40 (0.24–0.73) | n.s |
0–1.3 | 2nd | 0.63 (0.00–1.44) | 0.53 (0.00–1.29) | 0.71 (0.11–1.66) | 0.58 (0.00–1.76) | n.s |
 | 1st vs 2nd | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |
Activated TH1/TH17 | 1st | 12 (5.8–38) | 10 (6.0–29) | 12 (5.2–98) | 11 (3.9–31) | n.s |
 | 2nd | 7.0 (3.0–27) | 8.0 (2.2–92) | 7.3 (3.5–35) | 6.5 (3.0–16) | n.s |
 | 1st vs 2nd | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |  |