Fig. 1
Experimental protocol. A A schema of the pig hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation model. The animal was intubated and mechanically ventilated. A transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitor was attached on the right ear. A pulmonary artery catheter was inserted into the left internal jugular vein. The right femoral artery was catheterized with a thermistor-tipped PiCCO catheter. Arterial blood pressure was measured via the femoral artery using a PiCCO catheter. A double-lumen central venous catheter was inserted into the right jugular vein and positioned at the cranial end of the superior vena cava for blood withdrawal and transfusion. A transcutaneous, multi-wavelength pulse oximetry monitor was attached to the tail after clipping the hair. B Experimental protocol. tcPCO2, transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PAC, pulmonary artery catheter; PiCCO, pulse index continuous cardiac output; BL, baseline; BW, blood withdrawal; BT, blood transfusion