Fig. 1

The richness and diversity of the gut microbiota in gestational diabetes mellitus and healthy control groups. A Venn diagram of gestational diabetes mellitus and control groups. The gestational diabetes mellitus group had more operational taxonomic units than the healthy control group. Alpha diversity B was calculated with QIIME2 v. 2018.2 based on the sequence similarity at the 100% level, including Chao estimator observed species coverage and Shannon index. The gestational diabetes mellitus group showed higher alpha diversity than the control. Principal coordinates analysis based on the weighted UniFrac matric C showed that the overall fecal microbiota composition differed between gestational diabetes mellitus and the control group. Each point represents one sample of gestational diabetes mellitus (red, n = 21), control (blue, n = 32) pregnant women. The distance among different samples reflects the comparability of the two cohorts