Fig. 8
From: Metformin attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis via AMPK signaling
Metformin protects against SiO2-induced lung fibrosis dependent on the AMPK pathway. A The protein levels of Fibronectin, E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA in A549 and HBE cells treated by silica, silica plus metformin and silica, metformin plus compound C. B Western blotting showing Fibronectin, Collagen I and α-SMA protein levels with different treatment in MRC-5 cell. C The protein levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in THP-1 cells for indicated groups. D, E Immunofluorescence staining of E-cadherin (D) and vimentin (E) in HBE cells in different groups. E-cadherin stained red, vimentin stained green, DAPI was stained blue, scale bar = 50 μm. F–H qRT-PCR detection of α-SMA (F), vimentin (G) and E-cadherin (H) mRNA expression for the indicated groups, with **p < 0.01 vs. TGF-β1 or silica group and #p < 0.05 vs. the TGF-β1 or silica plus metformin group