Different modulation effects of 1 Hz and 20 Hz transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on the functional connectivity of the periaqueductal gray in patients with migraine

Table 2 Comparisons of the vlPAG functional connectivity change in 1 Hz and 20 Hz taVNS

Comparisons	Brain Regions	Cluster size (voxel number)	Peak T	MNI coordinates
Comparisons	Brain Regions	Cluster size (voxel number)	Peak T	x	y	z
1 Hz taVNS > pre-resting	MCC	282	6.36	− 4	− 12	40
	PCu	200	4.71	4	− 50	44
	MFG	232	4.56	− 30	30	42
	Cuneus	191	4.05	− 6	− 76	32
pre-resting > 1 Hz taVNS
20 Hz taVNS > pre-resting	No regions survive the threshold
pre-resting > 20 Hz taVNS

“Pre-resting” indicated pre-taVNS resting-state. Results were significant at cluster p_FDR < 0.05, corrected at the whole brain level
vlPAG ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, MCC middle cingulate cortex, PCu precuneus, MFG middle frontal gyrus

ISSN: 1479-5876