Table 3 The most typical label in each cluster

#0

Host gene regulation; dynamic variation; single-center observational study; mild cognitive decline; formula-fed babies; term infant; covid-19 pandemic; faecal microbiota transplant service; microbiome-associated metabolite; gren syndrome; common pathogenic mechanism; kidney stone disease; functional difference; diagnostic model; metabolomic data; stool microbial extracellular vesicle; genomic profiling; intestinal t-cell receptor repertoire; cystic fibrosis; household well

#1

On-chronic liver failure; quantitative metagenomics; novo duplication; nuclear family; displaying neurodevelopmental disorder; fecal volatile compounds analysis; multi-center cohort study; preclinical detection; preterm infant; non-catheter related late-onset sepsis; gut-microbiome profile; food addiction; narrow spectrum; microbiota-dependent bile acid; anti-TNF therapy; untargeted metabolomics study; drug metabolism; enhanced characterization; large cross-sectional ibs cohort; intestinal diseases

#2

Japanese female patient; restricting-type anorexia nervosa; metabolomics profile; t1dm-onset pediatric patient; machine-learning algorithm; proinflammatory intestinal dysbiosis pattern; prospective study; shaping gut microbiota; rural africa; bronchial asthma; compound k; red ginseng; protopanaxadiol ginsenoside; healthy volunteer; preclinical study; beneficial anti-inflammatory effect; alcohol-associated liver disease; functional fingerprint; anti-TNF agent; interferon signature

#3

Gut microbiome change; sexual orientation; hiv infection; human gut archaeome; diverse haloarchaea; korean subject; systemic lupus erythematosus; glucocorticoid therapy; fecal microbiota signature; celiac disease patient; parkinsons disease patient; meconium microbiota share; vaginal microbiota; amniotic fluid microbiota; critical mutualism; competition interplay; sedentary lifestyle; normal-weight korean children; young obese; cross-sectional observational study

#4

Autism spectrum disorder; gut flora; lactobacillus strain; early childhood; oral antibiotics; preschool children; non-stunted children; potential cause; reduced gut microbial diversity; undernourished children; birth mode; gastrointestinal disorder; other diseases; dysbiosis signature; south african infant; colorectal cancer surgery; post-operative infectious complication; barrier function; double-blind study; perioperative probiotic treatment; altered gut microbial profile

#5

Randomized controlled trial; probiotic supplementation; gut functioning; secondary analyses; vegetable shot; human intervention study; vonoprazan-containing triple therapy; healthy human subject; globe artichoke; long-chain inulin; probiotic therapy; incipient arteriosclerosis initiate; follow-up study; perinatal probiotic intervention; infantile colic; lactobacillus reuteri dsm; lactobacillus salivarius cect5713; therapeutic efficacy; synbiotic supplementation; gastrointestinal comfort

#6

Autism spectrum disorder; randomized controlled trial; intestinal microbiota; metabolic health; probiotic supplementation; placebo-controlled study; gut microbiota dysbiosis; microbiotic surveillance; fatty acid; postprandial glucose control; probiotic formulation; tibetan patient; novel bacillus strain; human gut exert anticancer effect; malignancy type; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; gut microbiota diversity; prebiotic effect; population-based cross-sectional study; multiple sclerosis correlate

#7

Six-week randomised intervention trial; omega-3 fatty acid supplementation; specific dietary fibre supplementation; chronic pancreatitis; caesarean section; crossover study; uk biobank; microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acid; bone health; genetic variation; dietary fiber; early life associate; prospective longitudinal infant cohort; specific gut microbiota signature; antibiotic resistant bacteria decolonization; integrative analysis; chinese patient; altered diversity; gut microbiota alteration; irritable bowel syndrome symptom

#8

Gastric cancer; probiotic strain bacillus subtilis; healthy microbiome; tryptophan pathway difference; current major depressive episode patient; severe tbi; community structure; states-veteran microbiome project study; fermentable oligosaccharide; dietary resistant starch type; intestinal microbiome disruption; infection prevention; microbiome disruption; long-term acute care hospital; breast milk jaundice; breastfed infant; microbiota characterization; blastocystis-free school-age children; dutch population

#9

HIV-infected patient; inflammatory bowel diseases; prognostic microbial biomarker; healthy middle-aged subject; randomised cross-over study; 3-d intervention; gut hormone; insulin sensitivity index; kernel-based product; gastrointestinal mucosa; spontaneous hiv controller; peripheral blood; intestinal microbiota correlate; bifidobacterium breve; mucosal-associated invariant t cell alteration; diabetic patient; combined antiretroviral therapy; lactobacillus population; metabolic interplay; new insight

#10

Amoxicillin treatment; bifidobacterium species; molecular characterisation; type ii diabete; microbial ecology; synbiotic food; metabolic profile; bacterial dna; helicobacter species; common gut; molecular analysis; mucosal bacterial communities; pediatric inflammatory bowel disease; intestinal microbiota; tetracycline resistance gene; probiotic lactobacillus reuteri; using 16 s sequence tag; pyrosequencing method; characterizing bacterial communities; faecal microbiota

#11

Polycystic ovary syndrome; population-based study; varied weight classification; cross-sectional comparison; fatty acid level; arabinoxylan oligosaccharide; metabolic marker; cross-over trial; fatty acid effect; overweight individual; intrinsic factor; early adolescent; shaping gut microbiota composition; viral dysbiosis; colon cancer development; obesity-related gut; fecal metabolomics; pubertal status; specific gut microbiota; intestinal tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate; underweight status; healthy pre-obese subject