Table 9 Identified scalp stimulation targets for ADHD
From: Potential scalp stimulation targets for mental disorders: evidence from neuroimaging studies
Cluster ID | Cluster size | Peak T | Peak coordinates | Brain regions | 10–20 EEG system locations | Acupoint locations | Functions | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x | y | z | |||||||
ADHD-1 | 188 | 6.98 | − 48 | 10 | 32 | L IFG/dlPFC/mPFC/PreCG | 1 cm posterior and inferior to F3 | 0.6 cun posterior and superior to GB 4 | Planning complex, coordinated movements |
ADHD-2 | 205 | 8.62 | − 36 | 22 | − 8 | L IFG/OrbIFG | 1 cm posterior and inferior to F7 | 0.6 cun inferior to GB 5 | Language processing and comprehension, emotional recognition |
ADHD-3 | 120 | 6.98 | − 40 | − 56 | 46 | L IPL/PCu/AG | P3 | GB 18 | Sentence generation, arithmetic learning, abstract coding of numerical magnitude, spatial focusing of attention, performing verbal creative tasks, processing a sequence of actions |
ADHD-4 | 236 | 8.62 | − 2 | 20 | 42 | L MedFG/SupMFG/mPFC | Midpoint of Fz and Cz | 0.1 cun posterior to GV 22 | Motor learning/imagery/control, executive control of behavior, language processing, working memory, visuospatial and visuomotor attention, pain anticipation |
ADHD-5 | 81 | 6.98 | 36 | 26 | 40 | R MFG/dlPFC/mPFC | 1Â cm superior to F4 | 0.3 cun inferior to BL 5 | Planning complex movements |
ADHD-6 | 168 | 6.98 | 36 | 24 | 8 | R IFG/TriIFG | 1Â cm posterior to F8 | Midpoint of GB 5 and GB 6 | Semantic tasks (decision/generation/retrieval/working memory processes) |
ADHD-7 | 99 | 6.15 | 58 | − 46 | 30 | R IPL/SMG | 2 cm anterior and inferior to P4 | 0.6 cun anterior and inferior to GB 18 | Reading, spatial focusing of attention, visuospatial processing |
ADHD-8 | 105 | 6.98 | − 2 | 50 | − 10 | L MedFG/OrbMFG | Midpoint of Fp1 and Fp2 | 0.6 cun anterior to GV 24 | Working memory, episodic memory, and multiple-task coordination |
ADHD-9 | 82 | 6.15 | − 28 | − 54 | 42 | L SPL/IPL/PCu | 1 cm lateral to P3 | 0.3 cun medial and superior to GB 9 | Sentence generation, arithmetic learning, abstract coding of numerical magnitude, spatial focusing of attention, performing verbal creative tasks, executive control of behavior |