Table 11 Identified scalp stimulation targets for autism spectrum
From: Potential scalp stimulation targets for mental disorders: evidence from neuroimaging studies
Cluster ID | Cluster size | Peak T | Peak coordinates | Brain regions | 10–20 EEG system locations | Acupoint locations | Functions | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x | y | z | |||||||
AUT-1 | 674 | 17.27 | − 46 | 10 | 32 | L IFG/TriIFG/OperIFG/MFG/PreCG | 1.5 cm posterior and inferior to F3 | 0.6 cun posterior and superior to GB 4 | Motor sequencing/planning/learning/imagery, language processing, working memory, visuospatial attention, executive control of behavior, processing emotions and self-reflections in decision making |
AUT-2 | 310 | 13.39 | − 38 | 22 | − 6 | L IFG/OrbIFG/TriIFG/OperIFG/STG | 1 cm posterior to F7 | 0.3 cun anterior and inferior to GB 6 | Motor learning/imagery/control, executive control of behavior, language processing, working memory, auditory imagery, pain anticipation |
AUT-3 | 535 | 16.21 | 0 | 14 | 48 | SMA/MedFG/SupMFG/SFG | Anterior 2/3 point of line Fz and Cz | Midpoint of GV 21 and GV 22 | Somesthetic senses |
AUT-4 | 246 | 14.45 | 46 | 8 | 28 | R IFG/OperIFG/TriIFG/MFG/PreCG | 1.5Â cm posterior to F4 | 0.6 cun anterior and inferior to GB 16 | Semantic tasks, theory of mind (the ability to understand the mental state of others through observation, inferring, and projecting) |
AUT-5 | 97 | 8.44 | 40 | 38 | 24 | R MFG/IFG/TriIFG | 1Â cm anterior and inferior to F4 | 0.3 cun anterior and superior to GB 4 | Attributing intention, theory of mind, suppressing sadness, working memory, spatial memory, recognition, recall, recognizing the emotions of others, planning, attention to positive emotions |
AUT-6 | 67 | 17.27 | 34 | 26 | − 6 | R IFG/OrbIFG | 1 cm posterior and inferior to F8 | 0.1 cun anterior and inferior to GB 6 | Interoceptive awareness, motor control, self-awareness, social emotions, body representation and subjective emotional experience, salience, auditory perception |
AUT-7 | 158 | 11.62 | − 30 | − 56 | 40 | L IPL/SPL/SMG/PCu | P3 | 0.6 cun medial and superior to GB 9 | Visuospatial processing, motor execution/imagery, working memory (motor, visual, auditory, emotional, verbal), pain perception, language processing, processing emotions and self-reflections during decision making |
AUT-8 | 133 | 13.03 | − 2 | − 56 | 26 | L PreCG/PCu/SPL | 1 cm posterior to midpoint of P3 and P4 | 0.6 cun superior to GV 18 | Processing semantic emotional information, episodic memory retrieval, evaluative judgment, precautionary reasoning, control of self-determined finger movements |
AUT-9 | 50 | 10.21 | 34 | − 56 | 44 | R IPL/SPL/AG | P4 | 0.6 cun medial and superior to GB 9 | Spatial focusing of attention, visuospatial processing, executive control of behavior, theory of mind |