Fig. 2
From: The role of exosomes in lung cancer metastasis and clinical applications: an updated review
Exosomal-induced angiogenesis in lung tumor. Lung tumor-derived exosomes induce fibroblasts to secrete exosomes that express factors such as MMP9, VEGF-A, FGF2, and miR-210 via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These exosomes together with tumor-produced vesicles enhance the activation of tumor-promoting cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Other exosomal cargoes directly trigger angiogenesis by increasing blood vessel proliferation, sprouting, and density, resulting in promoted metastasis