Table 3 Demographic and clinical characteristics by the trajectory groups of CVD risk score
Characteristics* | Low–Low | Medium–Medium | High–High | P† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of participants (%) | 2740 (73.9) | 792 (21.6) | 167 (4.6) | – |
Men, n (%) | 943 (34.4) | 517 (65.4) | 128 (76.7) | < .0001 |
Baseline | ||||
Age, mean ± SD, y | 49.2 ± 6.5 | 63.5 ± 5.8 | 69.1 ± 6.2 | < .0001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.2 ± 4.6 | 27.5 ± 4.3 | 27.6 ± 3.8 | 0.0002 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 223.7 ± 46.7 | 228.8 ± 45.9 | 229.8 ± 52.0 | 0.0110 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 143.7 ± 38.6 | 148.4 ± 39.1 | 145.4 ± 36.5 | 0.0124 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 42.6 ± 11.0 | 41.5 ± 10.8 | 39.4 ± 9.3 | 0.0001 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 165 (117–232) | 177 (123–245) | 179 (133–289) | 0.0004 |
Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 126 (4.6) | 55 (7.0) | 18 (10.8) | < .0001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 122.0 ± 17.6 | 137.3 ± 21.1 | 152.3 ± 25.9 | < .0001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 80.2 ± 10.7 | 81.8 ± 12.2 | 85.4 ± 13.4 | < .0001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 732 (26.7) | 406 (51.3) | 124 (74.3) | < .0001 |
Anti-hypertensive medication, n (%) | 218 (8.0) | 158 (20.0) | 58 (34.7) | < .0001 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 233 (8.5) | 173 (21.9) | 82 (49.1) | < .0001 |
Anti-diabetic medication, n (%) | 107 (3.9) | 86 (10.9) | 39 (23.4) | < .0001 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 318 (11.6) | 123 (15.6) | 23 (13.8) | 0.012 |
CVD risk score, median (IQR) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.09 (0.07–0.12) | 0.20 (0.17–0.26) | 0.0001 |
Follow up (Examination cycle four) | ||||
Age, mean ± SD, y | 59.0 ± 6.4 | 73.0 ± 5.8 | 78.5 ± 5.7 | < .0001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.5 ± 4.9 | 27.6 ± 4.3 | 27.6 ± 4.4 | < .0001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 203.8 ± 43.1 | 196.2 ± 42.5 | 183.6 ± 40.2 | < .0001 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 122.5 ± 36.2 | 119.1 ± 37.1 | 108.6 ± 35.1 | 0.0005 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 48.3 ± 11.1 | 45.8 ± 10.7 | 42.7 ± 10.4 | < .0001 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 144 (105–200) | 141 (105–191) | 140.5 (103–209) | 0.4479 |
Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 402 (17.4) | 114 (19.3) | 24 (23.3) | 0.044 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 124.8 ± 18.6 | 137.9 ± 22.0 | 153.0 ± 24.6 | < .0001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 79.7 ± 11.0 | 79.6 ± 12.6 | 82.3 ± 14.1 | 0.1166 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 952 (41.1) | 380 (63.9) | 73 (83.0) | < .0001 |
Anti-hypertensive medication, n (%) | 557 (24.1) | 232 (39.3) | 47 (54.0) | < .0001 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 437 (18.9) | 194 (32.8) | 61 (69.3) | < .0001 |
Anti-diabetic medication, n (%) | 274 (11.9) | 140 (23.7) | 51 (58.0) | < .0001 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 191 (8.2) | 59 (10.0) | 6 (6.8) | 0.370 |
CVD risk score, median (IQR) | 0.03 (0.02–0.06) | 0.17 (0.13–0.22) | 0.38 (0.31–0.44) | 0.0001 |