Table 1 A brief overview of studies based on MSCs- exosomes in lung disorders

IRI

BM

Inhibition of lung epithelial cells apoptosis stimulate by oxidative stress in mice model by anti-apoptotic competencies of miR-21-5p-enriched MSCs- exosomes

[85]

AAT-deficiency lung diseases

AT

Protection of lung epithelial cells by modifying protease/anti-protease balance in the damaged lungs in mice models by MSCs-exosomes

[148]

COVID-19

BM

Recovery of oxygenation, inhibition of cytokine storm, and reconstitution of immunity in human subjects by MSCs-exosomes (a clinical trial)

[95]

BPD

BM

WJ

Amelioration of hyperoxia -related inflammation, development of lung function, reduction in fibrosis, and pulmonary vascular remodeling in mice models by MSCs-exosomes

[149]

ALI

BM

Reduction in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and promotion of the IL-10 level in BALF and plasma in association with inhibition of MMP-9 and improvement of the SP-C level in SD rats by MSCs-exosomes

[91]

IPF

BM

Amelioration of pulmonary fibrosis and lung inflammation by the promotion of an immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory monocyte phenotype by MSCs-exosomesin rat models

[150]

HILI

BM

Suppression of HILI by affecting PTEN and induction of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways by miR-425- enriched MSCs-exosomesin a murine model

[86]

PH

BM

Attenuation of ventricular hypertrophy and peripheral pulmonary vessel’s muscularization in a murine model by MSCs-exosomes

[151]

ALI

BM

Protection toward LPS-induced ALI by suppressing SAA3 mediated via miR-30b-3p by MSCs-exosomes

[152]

ALI

BM

Inhibition of P2X7 expression resulted in oxidative stress rescue and suppressing inflammatory response by microRNA-30b-3p-overexpressing MSCs-exosomesin rat models

[153]

BPD

N.A

Boosting of the blood vessel number and size by pro-angiogenic mechanisms in rat models by MSCs-exosomes

[154]

BPD

UC

Significant recovery in the lung, cardiac and brain pathology in mice models by MSCs-exosomes

[155]

ALI

BM

Protection against IIR-induced ALI through suppression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling in rat models by MSCs-exosomes

[90]

ALI

BM

Protection against endotoxin-induced ALI mediated by the down-regulation of TNFα and up-regulation of IL-10 in mice models by MSCs-exosomes

[156]

COPD

PL

Improvement of respiratory function, inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, and IFN-γ serum levels, promotion of IL-10 serum levels in cigarettes smoke-exposed mice by MSCs-exosomes

[157]

ALI

UC

Reduction in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in rat models by miR-451 enriched MSCs-exosomes

[88]

Asthma

N.A

Promotion of lung IL-10-producing interstitial macrophages (IMs) and inducing protection against allergic asthma in mice by MSCs-exosomes

[158]