Table 4 Baseline characteristics of participants by multi-trajectory groups of LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG at baseline and exam 4 in the trajectory sample (n = 14,373)
Characteristics | Lipid profile multi-trajectory groups | p value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | Group 6 | Group 7 | ||
No. of participants (%) | 3700 (25.1) | 2696 (18.7) | 2412 (16.8) | 1355 (9.8) | 1868 (13.1) | 865 (6.0) | 1477 (10.5) | – |
Sex, n (%) | ||||||||
Women | 1383 (37.4) | 1347 (49.9) | 834 (34.6) | 1135 (83.8) | 1251 (67.0) | 755 (87.3) | 1134 (76.8) | < 0.001 |
Men | 2317 (62.6) | 1349 (50.1) | 1578 (65.4) | 220 (16.2) | 619 (33.0) | 110 (12.7) | 343 (23.2) | |
Race, n (%) | ||||||||
White/Caucasian | 2271 (61.4) | 1997 (74.1) | 1716 (71.1) | 972 (71.7) | 1094 (58.6) | 591 (68.3) | 952 (64.5) | < 0.001 |
African American | 962 (26) | 512 (19) | 260 (10.8) | 175 (12.9) | 583 (31.2) | 227 (16.3) | 446 (30.2) | |
Hispanic/Latino | 298 (8.1) | 137 (5.1) | 290 (12.0) | 130 (9.6) | 114 (6.1) | 30 (3.5) | 45 (3.1) | |
Asian/Chinese | 169 (4.6) | 50 (1.9) | 146 (6.1) | 78 (5.8) | 77 (4.1) | 17 (2.0) | 34 (2.3) | |
Baseline | ||||||||
Age, y | 56.3 (8.6) | 56.3 (6.9) | 55.6 (7.9) | 56.7 (7.9) | 56.5 (9.2) | 56.6 (8.5) | 56.1 (7.5) | 0.005 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 28.1 (5.1) | 28.2 (4.7) | 29.3 (4.8) | 27.2 (5.3) | 26.2 (5.4) | 24.4 (4.4) | 26.6 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
TC, mg/dL | 184.7 (27.9) | 246.5 (34.6) | 197.7 (32.6) | 207.7 (28.6) | 179.0 (26.3) | 211.5 (32.6) | 234.8 (31.4) | < 0.001 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 120.0 (25.7) | 172.1 (31.5) | 120.2 (29.1) | 119.4 (26.2) | 101.8 (24.2) | 107.3 (30.1) | 152.2 (29.1) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 45.1 (7. 6) | 45.0 (8.6) | 37.3 (7.6) | 59.8 (9.4) | 63.3 (9.7) | 88.9 (14.5) | 64.8 (10.2) | < 0.001 |
TG, mg/dL | 97.8 (33.7) | 147.1 (54.1) | 200.9 (68.9) | 142.6 (51.3) | 69.3 (21.8) | 76.8 (31.0) | 89.5 (29.2) | < 0.001 |
Lipid-lowering drug | 608 (16.6) | 656 (24.5) | 479 (20.0) | 244 (18.1) | 238 (12.8) | 103 (12.0) | 281 (19.1) | < 0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 121.3 (19.0) | 122.1 (17.8) | 122.2 (17.0) | 121.5 (18.8) | 118.0 (19.3) | 118.0 (19.1) | 120.8 (18.9) | < 0.001 |
DBP, mmHg | 73.1 (10.4) | 73.4 (10.4) | 73.5 (9.9) | 71.3 (9.9) | 70.7 (10.4) | 70.2 (10.7) | 72.6 (10.6) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 1207 (32.7) | 913 (33.9) | 852 (35.4) | 430 (31.8) | 506 (27.2) | 209 (24.2) | 468 (31.8) | < 0.001 |
Antihypertensive drug | 1008 (27.3) | 750 (27.8) | 721 (29.9) | 347 (25.6) | 442 (23.7) | 172 (19.9) | 370 (25.1) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus, | 345 (9.3) | 247 (9.2) | 366 (15.2) | 85 (6.3) | 112 (6.0) | 30 (3.5) | 84 (5.7) | < 0.001 |
Current smoking | 687 (18.6) | 580 (21.6) | 501 (20.8) | 221 (16.3) | 293 (15.7) | 132 (15.3) | 220 (14.9) | < 0.001 |
Current drinking | 2118 (57.6) | 1540 (57.3) | 1416 (58.8) | 804 (59.6) | 1141 (61.3) | 605 (70.0) | 886 (60.4) | < 0.001 |
Physical activity (MET-minutes/week) | 1070.1 (1715.2) | 801 (1432.4) | 913.7 (1399.0) | 966.5 (1645.4) | 1226.3 (1786.3) | 1065.2 (1568.2) | 874.4 (1280.8) | < 0.001 |
Calorie intake (Kcal) | 1652.2 (745.7) | 1631.7 (703.2) | 1697.5 (755.1) | 1489.0 (638.0) | 1520.0 (673.2) | 1485.9 (629.1) | 1529.5 (695.1) | < 0.001 |
CVD family history | 2024 (58.8) | 1641 (66.3) | 1389 (62.1) | 817 (63.7) | 1000 (58.1) | 474 (59.5) | 834 (61.5) | < 0.001 |
Follow-up (exam 4) | ||||||||
Age, y | 63.5 (7.9) | 64.5 (6.4) | 63.0 (7.3) | 64.0 (7.2) | 63.6 (8.4) | 64.2 (7.6) | 64.0 (7.0) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 28.9 (5.5) | 29.3 (5.0) | 30.2 (5.0) | 28.3 (5.7) | 26.9 (5.7) | 25.2 (4.9) | 27.6 (5.4) | < 0.001 |
TC, mg/dL | 176.9 (28.8) | 224.9 (35.9) | 185.1 (34.1) | 201.6 (30.1) | 176.4 (25.4) | 208.6 (30.6) | 226.5 (28.4) | < 0.001 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 112.2 (25.8) | 152.4 (31.4) | 106.0 (27.4) | 110.9 (26.5) | 98.0 (23.4) | 103.8 (28.0) | 143.7 (25.6) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 44.6 (7.9) | 43.5 (8.2) | 36.8 (7.6) | 58.7 (10.1) | 63.5 (9.9) | 87.5 (15.0) | 63.1 (10.1) | < 0.001 |
TG, mg/dL | 102.0 (35.2) | 162.3 (66.9) | 219.3 (103) | 161.0 (63.0) | 74.0 (24.9) | 87.5 (40.3) | 102.3 (36.4) | < 0.001 |
Lipid-lowering drug | 1178 (32.4) | 1291 (48.2) | 937 (39.4) | 468 (35.0) | 420 (22.9) | 211 (24.7) | 505 (34.6) | < 0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 124.4 (18.7) | 128.4 (19.3) | 125.8 (18.2) | 127.1 (20.1) | 122.0 (19.9) | 123.7 (20.0) | 126.6 (20.2) | < 0.001 |
DBP, mmHg | 71.0 (9.8) | 70.8 (10.3) | 70.6 (10.1) | 69.7 (10.2) | 69.6 (10.4) | 69.1 (9.8) | 70.8 (10.4) | 0.045 |
Hypertension | 1677 (45.8) | 1357 (50.7) | 1188 (49.7) | 658 (48.9) | 746 (40.3) | 331 (38.5) | 684 (46.6) | < 0.001 |
Antihypertensive drug | 1570 (43.1) | 1259 (46.9) | 1114 (46.8) | 553 (41.3) | 657 (35.8) | 286 (33.5) | 583 (39.8) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 587 (16.1) | 471 (17.6) | 681 (28.4) | 152 (11.3) | 177 (9.6) | 43 (5.0) | 115 (7.9) | < 0.001 |
Current smoking | 502 (13.7) | 374 (13.9) | 327 (13.6) | 156 (11.5) | 219 (11.8) | 94 (10.9) | 151 (10.3) | < 0.001 |
Current drinking | 1737 (42.3) | 1239 (46.3) | 1118 (46.7) | 668 (49.6) | 993 (53.5) | 553 (62.1) | 759 (51.9) | < 0.001 |
CVD incidence ratea | 7.50 | 13.12 | 11.20 | 6.23 | 4.33 | 5.70 | 7.35 | |