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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants: diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients, diabetic patients without nephropathy (DM) and healthy controls

From: WT1 and ACE mRNAs of blood extracellular vesicle as biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy

Variables

Group

Total (n = 256)

p value

DN (n = 103)

DM (n = 100)

Control (n = 53)

Age (years)

62 ± 9

62 ± 8

52 ± 11

59.48 ± 10.21

< 0.001

Sex (M/F) (male, %)

67/36 (65%)

50/50 (50%)

22/31 (41.5%)

139/117 (54.3%)

0.011

Family history (n, %)

21 (20.4%)

42 (42%)

9 (17%)

72 (28.1%)

< 0.001

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

29.55 ± 4.44

28.29 ± 4.86

30.38 ± 6.83

28.77 ± 4.92

0.578

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

173 ± 86

152 ± 54

99 ± 16

149.2 ± 69.8

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

8.8 ± 1.9

7.9 ± 1.5

5.8 ± 0.4

7.8 ± 1.8

< 0.001

Urea (mg/dL)

41 ± 18

34 ± 11

28 ± 7

35 ± 14

< 0.001

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.23 ± 0.44

.93 ± 0.27

1.01 ± 0.16

1.07 ± 0.36

< 0.001

Urine creatinine

115 ± 62

112 ± 61

161 ± 63

123 ± 65

 < 0.001

Urine albumin

373.3 ± 480

12.3 ± 13.7

13.2 ± 19.8

158.8 ± 352.8

< 0.001

Urine Alb/Cr

344.0 ± 450.5

11.0 ± 9.8

7.7 ± 10.0

145.3 ± 329.9

< 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

89.99 ± 36.21

92.85 ± 30.48

87.29 ± 29.09

90.69 ± 31.18

0.674

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD for continuous variables and as number and percentage (n, %) for categorical variables