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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population in training set and validation set

From: Multi-institutional development and external validation of machine learning-based models to predict relapse risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after radical resection

Variables

 

Training (n = 183)

Validation (n = 79)

P

Age (years)

Median (q1–q3)

63.0 (56.0–70.0)

63.0 (59.0–67.5)

0.881

Gender

Male (%)

115 (62.8)

43 (54.4)

0.255

 

Female (%)

68 (37.2)

36 (45.6)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

Median (q1–q3)

22.4 (20.3–23.9)

21.8 (19.9–24.1)

0.353

CEA (ng/mL)

 < 5 (%)

140 (76.5)

51 (64.6)

0.065

 

 ≥ 5 (%)

43 (23.5)

28 (35.4)

 

CA199 (U/mL)

 < 37 (%)

49 (26.8)

16 (20.3)

0.334

 

 ≥ 37 (%)

134 (73.2)

63 (79.7)

 

CA125 (U/mL)

 < 35 (%)

147 (80.3)

68 (86.1)

0.349

 

 ≥ 35 (%)

36 (19.7)

11 (13.9)

 

WBC (*10^9)

Median (q1–q3)

6.0 (4.8–7.3)

5.7 (4.4–6.8)

0.220

Hb (g/L)

Median (q1–q3)

127.0 (116.0–140.0)

129.0 (120.0–142.0)

0.110

Plt (*10^9)

Median (q1–q3)

191.0 (154.5–232.0)

204.0 (164.0–265.5)

0.132

Neut (*10^9)

Median (q1–q3)

3.9 (2.9–4.8)

3.4 (2.4–4.6)

0.093

Lymp (*10^9)

Median (q1–q3)

1.4 (1.1–1.7)

1.5 (1.1–1.9)

0.275

Mono (*10^9)

Median (q1–q3)

0.5 (0.4–0.6)

0.4 (0.3–0.6)

0.295

Alb (*10^9)

Median (q1–q3)

40.4 (37.3–43.3)

40.4 (36.4–43.4)

0.622

Glb (*10^9)

Median (q1–q3)

26.7 (24.3–29.5)

28.2 (26.1–31.9)

0.002

AGR

Median (q1–q3)

1.5 (1.4–1.7)

1.4 (1.2–1.6)

0.005

NLR

Median (q1–q3)

2.7 (2.0–4.2)

2.4 (1.6–3.3)

0.153

LMR

Median (q1–q3)

3.0 (2.1–4.2)

3.5 (2.0–5.1)

0.113

PLR

Median (q1–q3)

137.1 (106.3–184.1)

140.0 (96.6–217.2)

0.528

AST (U/L)

Median (q1–q3)

44.0 (20.5–111.5)

31 (20–90.5)

0.448

ALT (U/L)

Median (q1–q3)

50.0 (17.0–200.5)

29.0 (17.0–139.0)

0.119

ALP (U/L)

Median (q1–q3)

156.0 (89.5–391.5)

105.0 (67.5–367.0)

0.257

GGT (U/L)

Median (q1–q3)

159.0 (25.0–704.0)

51.0 (20.0–494.0)

0.162

TB (μmol/L)

Median (q1–q3)

22.1 (12.0–177.3)

14.6 (9.4–134.1)

0.716

DB (μmol/L)

Median (q1–q3)

6.4 (2.6–105.2)

5.5 (3.2–109.2)

0.360

Location

Head-isthmus (%)

139 (76.0)

54 (68.4)

0.259

 

Body-tail (%)

44 (24.0)

25 (31.6)

 

Margin

R0 (%)

176 (96.2)

79 (100.0)

0.106

 

R1 (%)

7 (3.8)

0 (0.0)

 

T stage

1 (%)

43 (23.5)

2 (2.5)

 < 0.001

 

2 (%)

86 (47.0)

55 (69.6)

 
 

3 (%)

54 (29.5)

22 (27.8)

 

N stage

0 (%)

105 (57.4)

36 (45.6)

0.009

 

1 (%)

56 (30.6)

39 (49.4)

 
 

2 (%)

22 (12.0)

4 (5.1)

 

VI

Yes (%)

83 (45.4)

20 (25.3)

0.004

 

No (%)

100 (54.6)

59 (74.7)

 

PI

Yes (%)

143 (78.1)

67 (84.8)

0.283

 

No (%)

40 (21.9)

12 (15.2)

 

ATI

Yes (%)

82 (44.8)

43 (54.4)

0.195

 

No (%)

101 (55.2)

36 (45.6)

 

Differentiation

Well (%)

37 (20.2)

5 (6.3)

0.019

 

Moderate (%)

133 (72.7)

68 (86.1)

 
 

Poor or undifferentiated (%)

13 (7.1)

6 (7.6)

 

OS

Median (q1–q3)

19.0 (11.0–33.0)

14.0 (9.0–28.0)

0.340

RFS

Median (q1–q3)

11.0 (6.0–22.8)

8.0 (4.0–19.5)

0.503

1-year relapse

Yes (%)

106 (57.9)

49 (62.0)

0.629

 

No (%)

77 (42.1)

30 (38.0)

 

2-year relapse

Yes (%)

138 (75.4)

59 (74.7)

1.000

 

No (%)

45 (24.6)

20 (25.3)

 
  1. BMI body mass index, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, CA cancer antigen, WBC white blood cell, Hb Hemoglobin, Plt Platelet, Neut neutrophil, Lymph lymphocyte, Mono monocyte, Alb albumin, Glb globulin, AGR albumin-globulin ratio, NLR neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, LMR lymphcyte-monocyte ratio, PLR platelet-lymphocyte ratio, AST aspartate transaminase, ALT alanine transaminase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, GGT gamma-glutamyltransferase, TB total bilirubin, DB direct bilirubin, VI vascular invasion, PI perineural invasion, ATI adipose tissue invasion, OS overall survival, RFS relapse-free survival