Microspheres present comparable efficacy and safety profiles compared with polyvinyl alcohol for bronchial artery embolization treatment in hemoptysis patients

Table 1 Clinical features

Items	PVA group (N = 90)	Microspheres group (N = 62)	P value
Demographic characteristics
Age (years), mean ± SD	59.5 ± 12.9	61.8 ± 10.4	0.243
Gender, No. (%)			0.299
Female	38 (42.2)	21 (33.9)
Male	52 (57.8)	41 (66.1)
History of smoking, No. (%)	34 (37.8)	30 (48.4)	0.193
History of drinking, No. (%)	25 (27.8)	20 (32.3)	0.552
Etiology, No. (%)			0.090
Bronchiectasis	81 (90.0)	49 (79.1)
Tuberculosis	4 (4.5)	4 (6.5)
NTM infection	2 (2.2)	3 (4.8)
BA malformation	0 (0.0)	3 (4.8)
Benign tumor of bronchus	1 (1.1)	0 (0.0)
Diffuse lesions in bilateral lungs	1 (1.1)	0 (0.0)
Aortic dissection stent implantation	1 (1.1)	0 (0.0)
Unknown	0 (0.0)	3 (4.8)
Comorbidities, No. (%)
Hypertension	14 (15.6)	10 (16.1)	0.924
COPD	3 (3.3)	4 (6.5)	0.367
CHD	5 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	0.080
Chronic bronchitis	6 (6.7)	0 (0.0)	0.082
Hepatitis	4 (4.4)	1 (1.6)	0.649
Cerebral infarction	3 (3.3)	3 (4.8)	0.688
Diabetes mellitus	1 (1.1)	3 (4.8)	0.305
Hemoptysis volume, No. (%)			0.339
< 100 mL	63 (70.0)	46 (74.2)
100–200 mL	8 (8.9)	11 (17.7)
> 200 mL	19 (21.1)	5 (8.1)
Offending vessels, No. (%)			0.682
Bilateral BA	59 (65.6)	34 (54.9)
Bilateral BA + others^a	16 (17.8)	16 (25.8)
Right BA	9 (10.0)	7 (11.3)
Right BA + others^b	2 (2.2)	3 (4.8)
Left BA	1 (1.1)	1 (1.6)
Left BA + others^c	3 (3.3)	1 (1.6)

Comparison was determined by Student’s t test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test or Wilcoxon rank sum test
PVA polyvinyl alcohol, SD standard deviation, NTM nontuberculous mycobacterium, BA bronchial artery, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CHD coronary heart disease, IPA inferior phrenic artery, ICA intercostal artery, IMA internal mammary artery, TTA thyrocervical trunk artery, CTA costocervical trunk artery
^aOthers included IPA, ICA, IMA, TTA or CTA
^bOthers included ICA, IMA or TTA
^cOthers included IMA, IPA or ICA

ISSN: 1479-5876