Table 2 Univariate and multivariable Cox hazards analysis of the training cohort

Gender

 Male

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Female

1.018 (0.734–1.412)

0.914

–

Age

0.989 (0.979–0.999)

0.028

0.998 (0.985–1.011)

0.720

Etiology

Diabetic

Ref.

Ref.

–

Nephrosclerosis

0.147 (0.098–0.220)

0.000

0.540 (0.297–0.979)

0.042

Glomerulonephritis

0.230 (0.148–0.359)

0.000

0.437 (0.228–0.836)

0.012

Others

0.170 (0.097–0.299)

0.000

0.269 (0.118–0.618)

0.002

Hemoglobin

0.701 (0.655–0.751)

0.000

0.821 (0.749–0.900)

0.000

Serum albumin

0.267 (0.216–0.330)

0.000

0.869 (0.624–1.212)

0.409

Creatinine

1.429 (1.370–1.490)

0.000

1.314 (1.221–1.413)

0.000

Proteinuria

 Negative

Ref.

Ref.

 Positive

28.395 (10.53–76.571)

0.000

7.214 (2.547–20.436)

0.000

Urinary occult blood

 Negative

Ref.

Ref.

 Positive

2.156 (1.592–2.919)

0.000

1.096 (0.779–1.543)

0.597

UPCR

1.305 (1.264–1.348)

0.000

1.192 (1.126–1.261)

0.000

Hypertension

 No

Ref.

Ref.

 Yes

5.976 (1.908–18.719)

0.002

0.930 (0.271–3.197)

0.909

History of CVD

 No

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Yes

1.366 (0.977–1.910)

0.068

–

Diabetes

 No

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Yes

3.005 (2.205–4.096)

0.000

0.898 (0.527–1.528)

0.690

Use of RAAS inhibitor

 No

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Yes

1.808 (1.259–2.595)

0.001

0.928 (0.627–1.374)

0.710

Use of calcium channel blocker

 No

Ref.

−

Ref.

–

 Yes

2.024 (1.474–2.778)

0.000

1.298 (0.925–1.821)

0.132

Use of diuretics

 No

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Yes

2.833 (2.092–3.836)

0.000

1.04 (0.741–1.461)

0.819