Fig. 1

Heart Failure Association Pretest assessment, Echocardiography, and natriuretic peptide, Functional testing, Final etiology (HFA-PEFF): a diagnostic procedure for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction HFpEF. HF heart failure, AF atrial fibrillation, CAD coronary artery disease, MetS metabolic syndrome, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SDB sleep-disordered breathing, NPs natriuretic peptides, Hb hemoglobin, HbA1C hemoglobin A1C, Scr serum creatinine, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ALT alanine aminotransferase, TSH thyroid stimulating hormone, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVH left ventricular hypertrophy, LAE left atrial enlargement, 6MWT 6 min walk test, CPET cardiopulmonary exercise testing, TR tricuspid regurgitation, PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, GLS global longitudinal strain, LAVI left atrial volume index, LVMI left ventricular mass index, RWT relative wall thickness, LV left ventricular, SR sinus rhythm, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, CT computed tomography, PET positron emission tomography, HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, RCM restrictive cardiomyopathy, CHD congenital heart disease, VHD valvular heart disease