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Table 6 The causal association of plasma vitamin C levels with PD and PD AAO

From: Effect of plasma vitamin C levels on Parkinson’s disease and age at onset: a Mendelian randomization study

GWAS dataset

Method

Beta

95% CI

P value

PD

IVW

− 0.048

[− 0.296, 0.201]

0.708

Weighted median

− 0.018

[− 0.272, 0.237]

0.893

MR-Egger

0.130

[− 0.255, 0.516]

0.508

MR-PRESSO

− 0.048

[− 0.296, 0.201]

0.716

PD AAO

IVW

− 1.134

[− 2.515, 0.248]

0.108

Weighted median

− 1.750

[− 3.396, − 0.105]

0.037

MR-Egger

− 2.592

[− 4.623, − 0.560]

0.012

MR-PRESSO

− 1.134

[− 2.515, 0.248]

0.139

  1. The significance of association between vitamin C levels and AD was at P < 0.05; The significant P values 0.037 and 0.012 were bold
  2. CI confidence interval, IVW inverse-variance weighted, MR-PRESSO Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier