Table 2 Gut or brain miRNA modulated by gut microbiota/microbial products and their function

miR10-a

Dendritic Cell

Innate immune responses

[37]

miR-21-5p

Intestinal epithelial cells

Intestinal epithelial barrier

[38]

miR-30c,miR-130A

Enterocyte

Autophagy response

[39]

miR-203, miR-483-3, miR-595

Intestinal epithelial cells

Intestinal epithelial barrier

[40]

miR -423-5p

Intestinal epithelial cells

Immune responses

[41]

miR-155, miR-223

Colon

Intestinal epithelial barrier

[42]

miR-146a

Intestinal epithelial and monocytic Cells

Intestinal inflammation

[43]

miR-294-5p

Hippocampus

Kynurenine metabolism

[45]

miR-9, miR-34a, miR-125b, miR-146a, miR-155

Neuronal-glial cells

Inflammatory neurodegeneration

[47]