MSC-derived exosomes carrying a cocktail of exogenous interfering RNAs an unprecedented therapy in era of COVID-19 outbreak

Table 1 Ongoing clinical trials on exosome therapy in COVID-19 patients

NCT number	Locations	Cell source	Administration route	Frequency of administration	Dosage	Criteria	Age	Number of patients	Phase	Result	Status
4276987	China	Adipose mesenchymal stem cells	Aerosol inhalation	Daily, day 1 to day 5	2 × 10⁸/3 mL	Individuals with severe COVID-19 symptoms	18 to 75 years old	30	Phase 1	Not yet publicly available	Completed
4384445	USA	Human amniotic fluid (HAF)	Intravenous injection	Day 0, day 4 and day 8	2–5 × 10¹¹/mL	Individuals with moderately to severe COVID-19 symptoms	18 years and older	20	Phase 1&2	Not yet	Recruiting
4602442	Russia	N/A	Aerosol inhalation	Twice a day for 10 days	N/A	Hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients	18 to 65 years old	90	Phase 2	Not yet	Enrolling by invitation
4389385	Turkey	COVID-19 specific T-cells	Aerosol inhalation	Daily, day 1 to day 5	2 × 10⁸/3 mL	COVID-19 positive patients with Early Stage NCV Pneumonia	18 to 75 years old	60	Phase 1&2	Not yet	Active, not recruiting
4493242	USA	Bone marrow	Intravenous injection	N/A	N/A	COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS	18 to 85 years old	60	Phase 2	Not yet	Not yet recruiting

ISSN: 1479-5876