|
N (%)
|
220
|
82 (37)
|
138 (63)
| |
|
Anthropometrics and Demographics
|
|
Male/Female
|
120/100
|
41/41
|
79/59
|
0.30
|
|
Age (years)
|
43 ± 15
|
32 ± 13
|
50 ± 13
|
< 0.01
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
28 ± 5.5
|
27 ± 5
|
29 ± 5.5
|
< 0.01
|
|
Saudi
|
139 (63.2)
|
57 (70)
|
82 (59)
|
0.13
|
|
Non-Saudi
|
81 (36.8)
|
25 (30)
|
56 (41)
|
|
Medical History of Patients
|
|
Obesity
|
69 (33.2)
|
21 (28)
|
48 (36)
|
0.20
|
|
Type 2 Diabetes
|
102 (49.0)
|
14 (18)
|
88 (68)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Hypertension
|
53 (24.1)
|
5 (6)
|
48 (35)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Cancer
|
4 (1.8)
|
4 (5)
|
0 (0)
|
0.06
|
|
Rheumatoid Arthritis
|
5 (2.3)
|
2 (2)
|
3 (2)
|
0.90
|
|
Chronic Liver Disease
|
1 (0.5)
|
0 (0)
|
1 (1)
|
0.72
|
|
Thyroid Disease
|
5 (2.3)
|
2 (2)
|
3 (2)
|
0.90
|
|
Epilepsy
|
2 (0.9)
|
0
|
2 (1)
|
0.48
|
|
Chronic Immobilization
|
1 (0.5)
|
0
|
1 (1)
|
0.72
|
|
Asthma
|
10 (4.5)
|
1 (1)
|
9 (6)
|
0.10
|
|
Hyperlipidemia
|
14 (6.4)
|
0
|
14 (10)
|
0.04
|
|
Heart Disease
|
10 (4.5)
|
0
|
10 (7)
|
0.07
|
|
Anemia
|
3 (1.4)
|
3 (4)
|
0
|
0.10
|
|
Chronic Kidney Disease
|
5 (2.3)
|
0
|
5 (4)
|
0.19
|
|
Hypertriglyceridemia
|
66 (31.6)
|
18 (23)
|
48 (37)
|
0.04
|
|
Low HDL-cholesterol
|
134 (64.1)
|
28 (35)
|
106 (82)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Supplementation
|
|
Using Vitamin C before Pandemic
|
1 (0.4)
|
1 (1)
|
0
|
0.32
|
|
Using Vitamin C during Pandemic
|
85 (38.6)
|
6 (7)
|
79 (57)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Using Vitamin D before Pandemic
|
3 (1.4)
|
3 (4)
|
0
|
0.08
|
|
Using Vitamin D during Pandemic
|
58 (26.4)
|
1 (1)
|
57 (41)
|
< 0.01
|
