Table 1 General Characteristics of Participants

N (%)

220

82 (37)

138 (63)

Anthropometrics and Demographics

 Male/Female

120/100

41/41

79/59

0.30

 Age (years)

43 ± 15

32 ± 13

50 ± 13

 < 0.01

 BMI (kg/m²)

28 ± 5.5

27 ± 5

29 ± 5.5

 < 0.01

 Saudi

139 (63.2)

57 (70)

82 (59)

0.13

 Non-Saudi

81 (36.8)

25 (30)

56 (41)

Medical History of Patients

 Obesity

69 (33.2)

21 (28)

48 (36)

0.20

 Type 2 Diabetes

102 (49.0)

14 (18)

88 (68)

 < 0.01

 Hypertension

53 (24.1)

5 (6)

48 (35)

 < 0.01

 Cancer

4 (1.8)

4 (5)

0 (0)

0.06

 Rheumatoid Arthritis

5 (2.3)

2 (2)

3 (2)

0.90

 Chronic Liver Disease

1 (0.5)

0 (0)

1 (1)

0.72

 Thyroid Disease

5 (2.3)

2 (2)

3 (2)

0.90

 Epilepsy

2 (0.9)

0

2 (1)

0.48

 Chronic Immobilization

1 (0.5)

0

1 (1)

0.72

 Asthma

10 (4.5)

1 (1)

9 (6)

0.10

 Hyperlipidemia

14 (6.4)

0

14 (10)

0.04

 Heart Disease

10 (4.5)

0

10 (7)

0.07

 Anemia

3 (1.4)

3 (4)

0

0.10

 Chronic Kidney Disease

5 (2.3)

0

5 (4)

0.19

 Hypertriglyceridemia

66 (31.6)

18 (23)

48 (37)

0.04

 Low HDL-cholesterol

134 (64.1)

28 (35)

106 (82)

 < 0.01

Supplementation

 Using Vitamin C before Pandemic

1 (0.4)

1 (1)

0

0.32

 Using Vitamin C during Pandemic

85 (38.6)

6 (7)

79 (57)

 < 0.01

 Using Vitamin D before Pandemic

3 (1.4)

3 (4)

0

0.08

 Using Vitamin D during Pandemic

58 (26.4)

1 (1)

57 (41)

 < 0.01